What do systematic reviews say?

Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care

Care delivery and self‐management strategies showed no clear difference in epilepsy Knowledge Test for Children (EKTC) at 3 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 92 participants
  Moderate

Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care

• Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 168 participants
  Low

Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care

Care delivery and self‐management strategies showed no clear difference in self‐perception of epilepsy on quality of life (PedsQL) at 3 months compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 76 participants
  Low

Collaborative care vs usual care

• Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 227 participants
  Very low

Collaborative care vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care showed no clear difference in mental state: clinically important change (binary) compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.77, 1.28]
  1 study · 253 participants
  Low

Collaborative care vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care showed no clear difference in psychiatric hospital admissions compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.15 [0.67, 39.57]
  1 study · 253 participants
  Low

Collaborative care vs usual care

• Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 237 participants
  Very low

Collaborative care vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care showed no clear difference in disability (proxy for social functioning) compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [0.97, 1.95]
  1 study · 253 participants
  Low

Collaborative care vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Screening of psychosocial well‐being and care needs vs usual care

• Systematic screening and assessment of psychosocial well‐being and care needs of people with cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 5752 participants
  Very low

Screening of psychosocial well‐being and care needs vs usual care

• Systematic screening and assessment of psychosocial well‐being and care needs of people with cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 5577 participants
  Very low

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care probably leads to lower incidence of VAP compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: mean 1 month
  RR 0.67 [0.47, 0.97]
  13 studies · 1206 participants
  Moderate

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects: information from 2 studies; one stated there were none, the other reported mild reversible irritation of the oral mucosa; very low certainty. There was a lack of evidence about adverse effects.
  2 studies
  Very low

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: mean 1 month
  RR 1.03 [0.80, 1.33]
  9 studies · 944 participants
  Moderate

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Plaque index: Fu 2019 found a significant reduction in the chlorhexidine group; Ozcaka 2012 and Scannapieco 2009 found no difference; 3 studies; no usable pooled estimate.
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care changes duration of mechanical ventilation compared with placebo or usual care (very low certainty).

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: mean 1 month
  MD -1.10 [-3.20, 1.00]
  4 studies · 594 participants
  Very low

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care showed no clear difference in duration of ICU stay compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: mean 1 month
  MD -0.89 [-3.59, 1.82]
  5 studies · 627 participants
  Low

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  The outcome of cost was not reported by any study in this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care showed no clear difference in duration of systemic antibiotic use compared with placebo or usual care; GRADE not reported.

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.65 [-0.58, 1.88]
  1 study · 146 participants
  GRADE not reported

Primary health professional‐led or collaborative care vs usual or enhanced care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found