Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,935 questions · 1,986 findings · 260 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 503 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 76 · 3.8%Very low 593 · 29.9%Low 509 · 25.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 64 · 3.2%

Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention

Compliance with desired practice (measured on a continuous scale) · health personnel

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention

Patient outcomes · health personnel

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention

Dichotomous · health personnel

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention

Continuous · health personnel

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Component · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Component · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Progesterone vs placebo

Benzodiazepine discontinuation, end of intervention · adults who withdraw from chronic benzodiazepine use

It is very uncertain whether progesterone changes benzodiazepine discontinuation, end of intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.52, 2.54]
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Progesterone vs placebo

Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms, end of intervention · adults who withdraw from chronic benzodiazepine use

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Primary care physician alerting system vs primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed intervention (education and reminder to see their primary care physician)

Bone mineral density · General practitioners/family doctors involved in the management of patients with osteoporosis

Primary care physician alerting system showed no clear difference in bone mineral density1 compared with primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Professional interventions for general practitioners on the management of musculoskeletal conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.81, 1.09]
2 studies · 2995 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs physical activity interventions

Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3946 participants
High

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs physical activity interventions

Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3946 participants
High

MET plus any intervention vs the intervention alone

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Low

MET plus any intervention vs the intervention alone

Functional ability · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Low

MET plus any intervention vs the intervention alone

General well‐being · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

MET plus any intervention vs the intervention alone

Adverse events · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

MET plus any intervention vs the intervention alone

CI: Confidence interval · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Prevalence of delirium · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Incidence of delirium · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention probably leads to lower incidence of delirium NH‐CAM compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.42 [0.34, 0.51]
1 study · 7311 participants
Moderate

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Severity of delirium · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

All‐cause mortality · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention showed no clear difference in mortality compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.88 [0.66, 1.17]
1 study · 9412 participants
Moderate