Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

451 questions · 491 findings · 71 reviews

No studies found 104 · 21.2%GRADE not reported 54 · 11%Very low 156 · 31.8%Low 115 · 23.4%Moderate 51 · 10.4%High 11 · 2.2%

Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based non‐active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention probably leads to higher internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based active… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Externalising problems (parent report) Scales used: CBCL, ECBI postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in externalising problems (parent report) Scales used: CBCL, ECBI… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Externalising problems ‐ hyperactivity‐inattention (parent report) Scales used: HSQ postintervention · young children

It is very uncertain whether group‐based parent training programmes changes externalising problems ‐ hyperactivity‐inattention (parent report)… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Internalising problems (parent report) Scale used: CAPES postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in internalising problems (parent report) Scale used: CAPES… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Social skills (parent report) Scale used: VABS postintervention · young children

It is very uncertain whether group‐based parent training programmes changes social skills (parent report) Scale used: VABS postintervention compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Parent‐child interaction ‐ negative behaviour (observer report) Scales used: DPICS, IBCS postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in parent‐child interaction ‐ negative behaviour (observer report)… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Parent‐child interaction ‐ positive behaviour (observer report) Scales used: Attachment Q‐set, DPICS postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes probably leads to higher parent‐child interaction ‐ positive behaviour (observer report)… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Behavioural reduction advice vs health mailings · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes cessation: Behavioural reduction advice vs health mailings (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Training vs no intervention

Properly fitting RPE at 6 months · healthcare workers

It is very uncertain whether training changes properly fitting RPE at 6 months compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review