What do systematic reviews say?

CCPT vs extrapulmonary mechanical percussion

• Conventional chest physiotherapy compared to other airway clearance techniques for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 151 participants
  Very low

Local excision vs radical resection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Local excision vs radical resection

Local excision showed no clear difference in disease‐free survival (D‐FS)Â compared with radical resection (low certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.96 [0.91, 4.24]
  3 studies · 212 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 165 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

It is very uncertain whether local excision changes cancer‐related survival (C‐RS)Â compared with radical resection (very low certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.42 [0.6, 3.33]
  3 studies · 207 participants
  Very low

Local excision vs radical resection

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 265 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

Local excision showed no clear difference in major postoperative complications compared with radical resection (low certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.22, 1.28]
  4 studies · 266 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

Local excision probably leads to lower minor postoperative complications compared with radical resection (moderate certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.48 [0.27, 0.85]
  4 studies · 266 participants
  Moderate

Local excision vs radical resection

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 55 participants
  Low

Slow passive expiration vs control

• Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 71 participants
  Low

Slow passive expiration vs control

Slow passive expiration showed no clear difference in change in the severity status of bronchiolitis Assessed using a… compared with control (low certainty).

• Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 434 participants
  Low

Slow passive expiration vs control

• Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 565 participants
  Very low

Forced expiration vs control

• Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 628 participants
  High

Forced expiration vs control

It is very uncertain whether forced expiration changes change in the severity status of bronchiolitis Assessed using a… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 132 participants
  Very low

Forced expiration vs control

Forced expiration leads to higher adverse events ( compared with control (high certainty).

• Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1
  2 studies · 599 participants
  High

HFNC vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in death (before hospital discharge) or BPD(supplemental… compared with continuous positive airway pressure (low certainty).

• Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.74, 1.6]
  7 studies · 1830 participants
  Low

HFNC vs nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks'… compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (low certainty).

• Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.66, 2.12]
  3 studies · 271 participants
  Low

HFNC vs nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in treatment failure within 72 hours of trial entry compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (moderate certainty).

• Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [0.9, 1.79]
  4 studies · 343 participants
  Moderate

HFNC vs nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in mechanical ventilation within 72 hours of trial entry compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (moderate certainty).

• Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.62, 1.33]
  4 studies · 343 participants
  Moderate

HFNC vs nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in pneumothorax (during assigned treatment) compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (moderate certainty).

• Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.4, 1.53]
  4 studies · 344 participants
  Moderate