Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery
It is very uncertain whether tramadol changes number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with pethidine (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery
Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery
Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery
Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (PACU) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (24 hours postoperatively) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery
Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with morphine (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery
It is very uncertain whether tramadol changes number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (24 hours… compared with nalbuphine (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Acute kidney injury · adults undergoing surgery requiring cardiac bypass
The intervention showed no clear difference in acute kidney injury (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Serum creatinine · adults undergoing surgery requiring cardiac bypass
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Renal replacement therapy · adults undergoing surgery requiring cardiac bypass
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes renal replacement therapy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality · adults undergoing surgery requiring cardiac bypass
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events · adults undergoing surgery requiring cardiac bypass
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
ICU ‐ intensive care unit · adults undergoing surgery requiring cardiac bypass
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Disability long term Oswestry; 100‐point scale where 0 equals no disability and 100 is seriously disabled. · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review