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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

current versions

No studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Immunosuppressive treatment vs placebo/no treatment/non‐immunosuppressive supportive treatment Adverse events: malignancy at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome Immunosuppressive treatment for primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome (2021) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.12, 9.14]	2 studies · 182 participants	Very low
Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake Systolic blood pressure · participants with CKD Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	19 studies · 1261 participants	High
Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake Diastolic blood pressure · participants with CKD Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	19 studies · 1257 participants	High
Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake Albuminuria · participants with CKD Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 501 participants	High
Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake Extracellular fluid volume · participants with CKD Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 187 participants	Low
Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake Weight · participants with CKD Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	12 studies · 759 participants	Very low
Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake Reduction in antihypertensive dose · participants with CKD Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease (2021) · Cochrane	RR 2.45 [0.98, 6.08]	7 studies · 664 participants	Very low
Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake Symptomatic hypotension · participants with CKD Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease (2021) · Cochrane	RR 6.7 [2.4, 18.69]	6 studies · 478 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Registration behaviour: ICC adjusted (dichotomous) · increasing solid organ donation registration Interventions for increasing solid organ donor registration (2021) · Cochrane	RR 1.3 [1.19, 1.43]	16 studies · 1294065 participants	Low
Intervention NR Registration intention (dichotomous) · increasing solid organ donation registration intention Interventions for increasing solid organ donor registration (2021) · Cochrane	RR 1.21 [1.03, 1.42]	10 studies · 10838 participants	Low
Intervention NR Registration intention: ICC adjusted (continuous) · increasing solid organ donor registration Interventions for increasing solid organ donor registration (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	9 studies · 3572 participants	Low
Heparin vs placebo Early graft thrombosis · kidney transplant recipients Interventions for preventing thrombosis in solid organ transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Heparin vs placebo Major bleeding events: unfractionated heparin · kidney transplant recipients Interventions for preventing thrombosis in solid organ transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	RR 2.92 [0.89, 9.56]	3 studies · 155 participants	Low
Heparin vs placebo Major bleeding events: all heparin · kidney transplant recipients Interventions for preventing thrombosis in solid organ transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	RR 2.7 [0.89, 8.19]	3 studies · 180 participants	Low
Heparin vs placebo Readmissions to intensive care: all heparin · kidney transplant recipients Interventions for preventing thrombosis in solid organ transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	RR 0.68 [0.12, 3.9]	3 studies · 180 participants	Very low
Heparin vs placebo Blood transfusion requirements · kidney transplant recipients Interventions for preventing thrombosis in solid organ transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Heparin vs placebo Graft and patient survival · kidney transplant recipients Interventions for preventing thrombosis in solid organ transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Heparin vs placebo Non‐graft thrombosis · kidney transplant recipients Interventions for preventing thrombosis in solid organ transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Maximal and functional exercise capacity · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs another form of resistance (anaerobic) exercise training Adverse events Assessed indirectly related to the exercise · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 162 participants	Very low
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs another form of resistance (anaerobic) exercise training Pulmonary function · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs another form of resistance (anaerobic) exercise training Muscular strength Assessed upper and lower limb muscle strength · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 245 participants	Very low
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs another form of resistance (anaerobic) exercise training Pathological bone fractures · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs another form of resistance (anaerobic) exercise training Death (any cause) · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 83 participants	Very low
Multimodal exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Maximal and functional exercise capacity · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 80 participants	Very low
Multimodal exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training HRQoL Assessed by different domains of the SF‐36 questionnaire · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 80 participants	Very low
Multimodal exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Adverse events Assessed the severe medical complications and exercise‐related musculoskeletal pain · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 80 participants	Very low
Multimodal exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Pulmonary function Assessed by FEV1 (absolute value and percentage of predicted value) · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 80 participants	Very low
Multimodal exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Muscular strength Assessed hand grip, upper and lower limb muscle strength · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 80 participants	Very low
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training HRQoL · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multimodal exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Pathological bone fractures · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multimodal exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Death (any cause) · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Fourteen‐weeks vs 7‐weeks multimodal exercise training Maximal and functional exercise capacity Assessed metres walked in 6MWT · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 61 participants	Very low
Fourteen‐weeks vs 7‐weeks multimodal exercise training HRQoL Assessed by different questionnaires (SF‐36 and AQoL) · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 59 participants	Very low
Fourteen‐weeks vs 7‐weeks multimodal exercise training Adverse events · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 66 participants	Very low
Fourteen‐weeks vs 7‐weeks multimodal exercise training Pulmonary function Assessed by FEV1 and FVC · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 66 participants	Very low
Fourteen‐weeks vs 7‐weeks multimodal exercise training Muscular strength Assessed by peak quadriceps muscle strength · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 59 participants	Very low
Fourteen‐weeks vs 7‐weeks multimodal exercise training Pathological bone fractures · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Fourteen‐weeks vs 7‐weeks multimodal exercise training Death (any cause) · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 66 participants	Very low
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Adverse eventsAssessed rejection episodes of lung transplant · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 32 participants	Very low
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Pulmonary function · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Muscular strength1 Assessed lumbar strength at seven testing positions · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 32 participants	Very low
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Pathological bone fractures Estimated indirectly through BMD · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 32 participants	Very low
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs usual care or no exercise training Death (any cause) · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs another form of resistance (anaerobic) exercise training Maximal and functional exercise capacity Assessed metres walked in 6MWT · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 214 participants	Very low
Resistance (anaerobic) exercise training vs another form of resistance (anaerobic) exercise training HRQoL Assessed by different questionnaires (CRQ and SF‐36) · adult lung transplant recipients Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 215 participants	Very low
Eculizumab vs placebo or alternative treatment Death · children and adults with aHUS Interventions for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	100 participants	Very low
Ravulizumab vs placebo or alternative treatment Disease remission · adults with aHUS Interventions for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	56 participants	Very low
Ravulizumab vs placebo or alternative treatment Change in eGFR · adults with aHUS Interventions for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	56 participants	Very low
Ravulizumab vs placebo or alternative treatment HRQoL · adults with aHUS Interventions for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	44 participants	Very low