Intervention not reported
Overhydration · children requiring intravenous fluid to maintain hydration
The intervention showed no clear difference in overhydration (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of diarrhoea · Young children with acute diarrhoea
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure · Young children with acute diarrhoea
Lactose‐free probably leads to lower treatment failure compared with lactose‐containing milk, milk products, or foodstuffs (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for hospitalization · Young children with acute diarrhoea
It is very uncertain whether lactose‐free changes need for hospitalization compared with lactose‐containing milk, milk products, or foodstuffs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of diarrhoea · Young children with acute diarrhoea
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure · Young children with acute diarrhoea
Diluted (by at least 50%) may leads to lower treatment failure compared with undiluted lactose‐containing milk, milk products, or foodstuffs (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for hospitalization · Young children with acute diarrhoea
1 finding from 1 review
Haemoglobin (g/dL) · preschool and school‐age children
1 finding from 1 review
Iron deficiency (using ferritin concentrations) · preschool and school‐age children
Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrients powders (MNP) probably leads to lower iron deficiency (defined by using ferritin concentrations less than… compared with no intervention or placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Ferritin (µg/L) · preschool and school‐age children
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (number of deaths during trial) · preschool and school‐age children
1 finding from 1 review
Diarrhoea · preschool and school‐age children
Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrients powders (MNP) showed no clear difference in diarrhoea (≥ 3 liquid stools per day) compared with no intervention or placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) · preschool and school‐age children
Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrients powders (MNP) showed no clear difference in adverse effects (any, as defined by trialists) compared with no intervention or placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Children (permanent teeth; baseline 8 to 10 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Number of infants with a caries increment · Infants/young children (primary teeth; baseline about 1 to 3 years)
Xylitol sucking tablets (1 g/day) showed no clear difference in number of infants with a caries increment compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Children (mixed dentition; baseline about 8 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Caries increment (dmfs, primary and permanent teeth combined) · Children (mixed dentition; baseline about 8 years)
1 finding from 1 review
One study (252 children) compared xylitol (7.5 g/day) candy with control (sorbitol) candy over 36 months. The data could not be used in analysis because the authors combined primary/deciduous and permanent teeth and…
1 study · 252 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children (permanent teeth; baseline 8 to 10 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Infants/young children (primary teeth; baseline about 1 to 3 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Xylitol chewing gum vs No treatment or non-cariogenic control
Outcome not reported · Children and adults
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review