Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,230 questions · 1,303 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 73 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 21 · 1.6%Very low 497 · 38.1%Low 403 · 30.9%Moderate 245 · 18.8%High 64 · 4.9%

Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy

Proportion of participants with IOP control (higher number of events is better) · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure

Phacoemulsification may leads to higher proportion of participants with IOP control (higher number of events… compared with laser peripheral iridotomy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cephalomedullary nails vs extramedullary implants

Functional status, early (within 4 months): using HHS (range from 0 to 100) and Johansen hip score (range from 0 to 100); higher scores indicate better function · older adults (> 60 years of age) with extracapsular hip fractures

Cephalomedullary nails showed no clear difference in functional status, early (≤ 4 months): using Zűckerman functional… compared with extramedullary implants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Functional outcomes · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)

Surgical showed no clear difference in functional scoresf(higher = better outcome) compared with non‐surgical treatment (high certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Locking plate vs locking intramedullary nail

Self‐reported shoulder function · adults undergoing surgery for displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (2 trials)

Locking plate showed no clear difference in self‐reported shoulder function: functional scoresb(higher = better… compared with locking intramedullary nail (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) vs hemiarthroplasty

Self‐reported shoulder function · adults undergoing surgery for displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (2 trials)
2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mobilityd ‐ overall analysis Using different mobility scales: MILA (range 0 to 36), EMS (range 0 to 20), BBS (range 0 to 56), PPME (range 0 to 12), Koval (range 1 to 7). Higher values indicate better mobility (except MILA and Koval, where scale wa... · adults following hip fracture surgery

The intervention may leads to higher mobilityd ‐ overall analysis Using different mobility scales: MILA… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mobility scales, using EMS (range 0 to 20). Higher values indicate better mobility · adults following hip fracture surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in mobility scales, using EMS (range 0 to 20). Higher values indicate… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mobilityd ‐ overall analysis Using different mobility scales: mPPT (range 0 to 36), POMA (range 0 to 30), SPPB (range 0 to 12), PPME (range 0 to 12). A higher score indicates better mobility. · adults following hip fracture surgery

The intervention leads to higher mobilityd ‐ overall analysis Using different mobility scales: mPPT… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Walking speedg ‐ overall analysis Measured using metres/second (m/s) and metres/minute (m/min). A higher score indicates faster walking. · adults following hip fracture surgery

The intervention leads to higher walking speedg ‐ overall analysis Measured using metres/second (m/s)… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different functioning scales: FSQ (range 0 to 36), BI (range 0 to 100), AM‐PAC daily activity (range 9 to 101), COPM (range 0 to 20), LEFS (range 0 to 80), NEADL (range 0 to 66). A higher score indicates bette... · adults following hip fracture surgery

The intervention leads to higher functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different functioning scales:… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

HRQoL using EQ‐ 5D (range 0 to 1), SF‐36 (range 0 to 100), SF‐12 (range 0 to 100), and WHOQOL‐BREF (range 0 to 130). A higher score indicates better quality of life. · adults following hip fracture surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in HRQoL using EQ‐ 5D (range 0 to 1), SF‐36 (range 0 to 100), SF‐12… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mobility scales, using different scales: SPPB (range 0 to 12), PPME (range 0 to 12). A higher score indicates better mobility. · adults following hip fracture surgery

The intervention leads to higher mobility scales, using different scales: SPPB (range 0 to 12), PPME… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Walking speedg ‐ overall analysis Measured using metres/second (m/s) and metres/minute (m/min). A higher score indicates faster walking. · adults following hip fracture surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in walking speedg ‐ overall analysis Measured using metres/second (m/s)… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different scales: mBI (range 0 to 20), BI (range 0 to 100), FIM (range 18 to 126), NEADL (range 0 to 66). A higher score indicates better functioning. · adults following hip fracture surgery

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different scales: mBI (range 0… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review