Smoking cessation · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in smoking cessation ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 1.09 [0.93, 1.29]
5 studies · 1655 participants
Moderate
RR 1.19 [1, 1.41]
3 studies · 3446 participants
Moderate
RR 1.48 [1.06, 2.08]
1 study · 537 participants
Moderate
SAEs · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in overall SAEs ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24 hr patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Treatment withdrawal · people who smoke
Higher‐dose may leads to higher treatment withdrawals ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Prosthesis use · people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or diabetes
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study · 8 participants
GRADE not reported
Prosthesis use · people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or diabetes
1 finding from 1 review
Paraesthesia · people with focal seizures
High showed no clear difference in paraesthesias compared with low stimulation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Activities of daily living · adults with displaced and undisplaced hip fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life: time to deterioration in composite endpoint (cough, dyspnoea, and chest pain) · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer
It is very uncertain whether next‐generation ALK inhibitor changes health‐related quality of life: time to deterioration in composite… compared with crizotinib (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life: time to deterioration in composite endpoint (cough, dyspnoea, and chest pain) · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer
ALK inhibitor leads to lower health‐related quality of life: time to deterioration in composite… compared with any cytotoxic chemotherapy (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Bleeding (chest drain output) in mLs for the first 12 hours · cardiac surgery for the treatment of non‐surgical bleeding
1 finding from 1 review
Bleeding (chest drain output) in mLs for the first 12 hours · cardiac surgery for the treatment of non‐surgical bleeding
1 finding from 1 review
Paraesthesia · participants with epilepsy (GTCS)
Sulthiame showed no clear difference in paraesthesia compared with phenytoin (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Decision self‐confidence: Decision self‐efficacy scale (O'Connor 1995): range 0 to 100 (none to perfect self‐efficacy) measured 12 weeks post‐intervention (McBride 2016)
1 finding from 1 review
Preparation for decision‐making
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Chest infections · patients with hip fracture
The intervention probably leads to lower chest infections (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Other outcomes included uncertainty, pain, sexually related symptoms, dyspnoea, and general symptoms. Data for any of these outcomes were not pooled due to considerable heterogeneity across all aspects. Magnitudes of effect were not reported · individuals with any cancer at any stage
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
2 participants
Very low
Adverse events (hot flushes) · women with uterine fibroids
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Car crashes Measured at the end of study · teenagers, aged 17–19 years
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Acute chest syndrome ( · people with sickle cell disease
1 finding from 1 review