Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,163 questions · 1,209 findings · 133 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 176 · 14.6%GRADE not reported 47 · 3.9%Very low 241 · 19.9%Low 323 · 26.7%Moderate 315 · 26.1%High 107 · 8.9%

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) vs placebo

Number of participants with normal physical joint function ‐ normal function at 12 months of · septic arthritis in children taking antibiotics

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) may leads to higher number of participants with normal physical joint function ‐ normal… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) vs placebo

Number of days of antibiotic treatment ‐ number of days of intravenous antibiotic treatment · septic arthritis in children taking antibiotics

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) showed no clear difference in number of days of antibiotic treatment ‐ number of days of… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) · adults and children with chronic asthma

Increased showed no clear difference in treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (of those starting inhaler) · adults and children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether increased changes treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (of those… compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Mortality Mortality at latest · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

BPD (36 weeks' PMA) · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids probably leads to lower BPD (36 weeks' PMA) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to lower mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Gastrointestinal perforation during primary hospitalisation · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher gastrointestinal perforation during primary hospitalisation compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Cerebral palsy · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Death or cerebral palsy · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality or cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Admission to hospital or death · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to lower admission to hospital or death compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Resolution of symptoms · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to higher symptom resolution: all initial symptoms resolved at day 14 compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Time to symptom resolution · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in symptom resolution: duration to symptoms resolved compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review