Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,296 questions · 1,330 findings · 157 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 297 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 88 · 6.6%Very low 327 · 24.6%Low 317 · 23.8%Moderate 239 · 18%High 62 · 4.7%

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

Time to next pulmonary exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 18 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

Microbiology Emergence of resistant organisms · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Delayed antibiotics vs immediate antibiotics

Clinical outcomes · respiratory infections

1 finding from 1 review

Immediate versus delayed versus no antibiotics for respiratory infections 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 2748 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Delayed antibiotics vs immediate antibiotics

Duration of clinical outcomes (pain, malaise, fever) · respiratory infections

1 finding from 1 review

Immediate versus delayed versus no antibiotics for respiratory infections 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1077 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Delayed antibiotics vs no antibiotics

Clinical outcomes: pain, malaise, fever · respiratory infections

1 finding from 1 review

Immediate versus delayed versus no antibiotics for respiratory infections 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1685 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Delayed antibiotics vs no antibiotics

Duration of clinical outcomes (pain, malaise, fever) · respiratory infections

1 finding from 1 review

Immediate versus delayed versus no antibiotics for respiratory infections 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 585 participants
Moderate

Antibiotics on removal of central venous catheter vs no antibiotics

Late‐onset blood steam infection · newborn infants undergoing removal of central venous catheter

Antibiotics on removal of central venous catheter showed no clear difference in late‐onset blood steam infection compared with no antibiotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics at the time of removal of central venous catheter to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.6]
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Antibiotics on removal of central venous catheter vs no antibiotics

Neonatal mortality · newborn infants undergoing removal of central venous catheter

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics at the time of removal of central venous catheter to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Antibiotics on removal of central venous catheter vs no antibiotics

Mortality before hospital discharge · newborn infants undergoing removal of central venous catheter

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics at the time of removal of central venous catheter to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Antibiotics on removal of central venous catheter vs no antibiotics

Infection‐related mortality before hospital discharge · newborn infants undergoing removal of central venous catheter

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics at the time of removal of central venous catheter to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Antibiotics on removal of central venous catheter vs no antibiotics

Central line‐associated blood stream infection · newborn infants undergoing removal of central venous catheter

Antibiotics on removal of central venous catheter showed no clear difference in central line‐associated blood stream infection compared with no antibiotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics at the time of removal of central venous catheter to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.6]
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured at 1 to 2 weeks · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether topical antibiotics changes resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured at 1 to 2 weeks compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6.74 [1.82, 24.99]
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured after 4 weeks · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Health‐related quality of life · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Hearing · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Serious complications · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Suspected ototoxicity · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Topical antibiotics vs acetic acid

Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured at 1 to 2 weeks · chronic suppurative otitis media

It is very uncertain whether topical antibiotics changes resolution of ear discharge (1 to 2 weeks) Aminoglycosides compared with acetic acid (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics versus topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.72, 1.08]
1 study · 100 participants
Very low