Amount of crowding · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
It is very uncertain whether extraction of lower deciduous canines changes amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding, change) at 1-2 years compared with no active treatment (control) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Lower incisors to mandible (relationship of lower front teeth to the mandible) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Cervical pull headgear showed no clear difference in lower incisors to mandible at 2 years compared with minor interceptive procedures (control); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)
Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)
Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)
Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oesophageal cancer risk (13 studies) · adults (aged at least 18 years)
It is very uncertain whether highest changes oesophageal cancer risk (13 studies) compared with lowest green tea exposure (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.81 [0.64, 1.04]
74895 participants
Very low
Incidence of strabismus at 3 to 4 years of age · infants or children with hyperopia
It is very uncertain whether spectacle correction changes incidence of strabismus up to 3–4 years of age compared with no spectacles (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Visual acuity worse than 20/30 at 3 to 4 years of age · infants or children with hyperopia
It is very uncertain whether spectacle correction changes visual acuity worse than 20/30 at 3–4 years of age compared with no spectacles (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse outcomes Up to 3 years · children at or before five years of age with primary congenital glaucoma
It is very uncertain whether combined trabeculotomy with trabeculectomy changes adverse outcomes Up to 3 years compared with trabeculotomy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Frequency of skin damage (as recorded by clinicians according to STAR Skin Tear Classification) Outcome measured during 6 months · people 60 years of age and older
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) Measured using temperature‐adjusted g/m²/h with the Tewameter TM 300 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) Hahnel 2017: measured at 56 ± 4 days Shishido 2017: measured 15 minutes after wiping the skin with a dry to... · people 60 years of age and older
1 finding from 1 review
Overall survival for subgroup age 60 years and older glioblastoma · high‐grade glioma
Hypofractionated radiotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival for subgroup aged ≥ 60 years glioblastoma compared with daily conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Children's percentage of total energy intake from saturated fat Measured by food frequency questionnaire and 24‐hour recall · children aged 7 to 18 years
1 finding from 1 review
Children's percentage of total energy intake from saturated fat Measured by food frequency questionnaire and 24‐hour recall · children aged 4 to 14 years
1 finding from 1 review
Children's percentage of total energy intake from saturated fat Measured by food frequency questionnaire and 24‐hour recall · children aged 3 to 11 years
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mobility · children with cerebral palsy classified within GMFCS Levels I to III between 5 and 19 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Health status and well‐being – child morbidity and mortality combined · parents of children aged < 5 years
1 finding from 1 review
Health status and well‐being – child nutritional status · parents of children aged < 5 years
1 finding from 1 review
Health behaviour change – breastfeeding · parents of children aged < 5 years
1 finding from 1 review
Service utilisation – attendance for necessary healthcare (attendance for vaccinations at 6–12 months, attendance at HIV medical appointments) · parents of children aged < 5 years
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices may leads to higher service utilisation – attendance for necessary healthcare… compared with standard care or no intervention (parents of children aged under… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review