Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

It is very uncertain whether perioperative beta‐blockers changes ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Bradycardia · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to higher bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Hypotension · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers probably leads to higher hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Pulmonary embolism · Patients hospitalised following acute myocardial infarction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects and complications · Patients hospitalised following acute myocardial infarction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) · Patients hospitalised following acute myocardial infarction

The intervention may leads to lower deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PTFE vs PTFE with vein cuff

Primary patency ( · people with peripheral vascular disease requiring below‐knee femoro‐popliteal bypass surgery

It is very uncertain whether PTFE changes primary patency (24 months) compared with PTFE with vein cuff (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review