Intervention not reported
Peripheral plus spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Multifocal spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…
1 finding from 1 review
Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether ventilation tubes changes hearing ‐ return to normal hearing Randomised by ear: normal defined… compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.13 [0.46, 2.74]
Studies not reported
Very low
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse event: persistent perforation · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether ventilation tubes changes hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser… compared with myringotomy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.22 [0.59, 2.53]
Studies not reported
Very low
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME *Ventilation tubes versus laser… compared with myringotomy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.27 [0.19, 0.38]
Studies not reported
Very low
Adverse event: persistent perforation · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
Ventilation tubes showed no clear difference in adverse event: persistent perforation Range of compared with myringotomy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
Ventilation tubes may leads to lower presence/persistence of OME Randomised by child Adjusted for… compared with no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.3 [0.14, 0.65]
Studies not reported
Low
Adverse event: persistent perforation · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether ventilation tubes changes adverse event: persistent perforation Randomised by ear, assumed CC… compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.85 [0.38, 1.91]
Studies not reported
Very low
Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes hearing ‐ return to normal hearing Randomised by child compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.98 [0.94, 1.03]
Studies not reported
Very low
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME Randomised by child compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.21 [0.84, 1.74]
Studies not reported
Very low
Adverse event: persistent perforation · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes adverse event: persistent perforation compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Hearing ‐ mean final hearing threshold (4 months ‐ medium‐term) № of participants: 125 (1 RCT) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Component · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Nicotine tapering · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine tapering (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review