Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,072 questions · 4,237 findings · 447 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 946 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 257 · 6.1%Very low 1,121 · 26.5%Low 1,207 · 28.5%Moderate 568 · 13.4%High 138 · 3.3%

Hypertonic salt vs isotonic salt solution

All‐cause mortality · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic salt solution for peri‐operative fluid management 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 1087 participants
Very low

Hypertonic salt vs isotonic salt solution

Serious adverse events · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic salt solution for peri‐operative fluid management 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 1087 participants
Very low

Hypertonic salt vs isotonic salt solution

Daily fluid balance in millilitres (measured from admission to discharge) · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic salt solution for peri‐operative fluid management 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 737 participants
Low

Hypertonic salt vs isotonic salt solution

Total volume of crystalloid administered (L) · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic salt solution for peri‐operative fluid management 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 871 participants
Moderate

Hypertonic salt vs isotonic salt solution

Peak serum sodium · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic salt solution for peri‐operative fluid management 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 780 participants
Moderate

Hypertonic salt vs isotonic salt solution

Final serum sodium · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic salt solution for peri‐operative fluid management 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 640 participants
Moderate

Hypertonic salt vs isotonic salt solution

Maximum intraoperative cardiac index · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic salt solution for peri‐operative fluid management 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 418 participants
High

Active body surface warming systems vs control

Infection and complications of the surgical wound · adults undergoing surgery

Active body surface warming systems may leads to lower infection and complications of the surgical wound compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active body surface warming systems for preventing complications caused by inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.2, 0.66]
3 studies · 589 participants
Low

Active body surface warming systems vs control

Major cardiovascular complications (cardiovascular death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, and non‐fatal cardiac arrest) · adults undergoing surgery

Active body surface warming systems showed no clear difference in major cardiovascular complications (cardiovascular death, non‐fatal… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active body surface warming systems for preventing complications caused by inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.22 [0.05, 1]
1 study · 300 participants
Low

Active body surface warming systems vs control

All‐cause mortality · adults undergoing surgery

Active body surface warming systems showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active body surface warming systems for preventing complications caused by inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.26, 4]
2 studies · 500 participants
Low

Active body surface warming systems vs control

Number of patients transfused ( · adults undergoing surgery

Active body surface warming systems showed no clear difference in participants transfused compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active body surface warming systems for preventing complications caused by inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.5, 1.23]
8 studies · 621 participants
Moderate

Active body surface warming systems vs control

Shivering · adults undergoing surgery

Active body surface warming systems leads to lower chills/shivering compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active body surface warming systems for preventing complications caused by inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0
29 studies · 1922 participants
High

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

It is very uncertain whether ACEIs or ARBs changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.61 [0.44, 5.85]
3 studies · 419 participants
Very low

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

Risk of acute myocardial ischaemia · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

It is very uncertain whether ACEIs or ARBs changes risk of acute myocardial ischaemia compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.14, 2.26]
2 studies · 345 participants
Very low

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

Congestive heart failure · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 34 participants
Very low

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

Hypotension · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

It is very uncertain whether ACEIs or ARBs changes hypotension compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.95 [0.86, 4.41]
1 study · 298 participants
Very low

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

Rate of perioperative cerebrovascular complications · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

It is very uncertain whether ACEIs or ARBs changes rate of perioperative cerebrovascular complications compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.18, 1.28]
3 studies · 459 participants
Very low

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

Length of hospital stay · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 372 participants
Very low

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

Treatment related adverse events · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 385 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Risk of hypothermia ‐ not reported · adults undergoing surgery.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous nutrients for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found