Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,535 questions · 3,601 findings · 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 726 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Recurrent asymptomatic bacteriuria ‐ all trials · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose antibiotic changes recurrent asymptomatic bacteriuria ‐ all trials compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Pyelonephritis ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only4 · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose antibiotic changes pyelonephritis ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only4 compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Low birthweight ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic leads to higher low birthweight ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Preterm delivery ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic showed no clear difference in preterm delivery ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Same antimicrobial agent ‐ No cure (good quality studies) · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic leads to higher same antimicrobial agent ‐ No cure (good quality studies) compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Different antimicrobial agents ‐ No cure (good quality studies) · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic showed no clear difference in different antimicrobial agents ‐ No cure (good quality studies) compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Maternal death · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in maternal death compared with standard antenatal care visits (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including pre‐eclampsia) · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including pre‐eclampsia) compared with standard antenatal care visits (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Perinatal mortality · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in perinatal death compared with standard antenatal care visits (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Preterm birth · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with standard antenatal care visits (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Small‐for‐gestational age · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in small‐for‐gestational age compared with standard antenatal care visits (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with standard antenatal care visits (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rutosides vs placebo

Complications associated with varicose veins and leg oedema (deep vein thrombosis) · Pregnant women with varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy

Rutoside showed no clear difference in complications associated with varicose veins and leg oedema (deep… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rutosides vs placebo

Symptoms associated with varicose veins and oedema (improvement in symptoms) · Pregnant women with varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy

Rutoside probably leads to higher symptoms associated with varicose veins and oedema (improvement in… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review