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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,590 questions in 129 reviews · Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer
current versionsNo studies 281 · 17.7%Ungraded 74 · 4.7%Very low 410 · 25.8%Low 420 · 26.4%Moderate 280 · 17.6%High 125 · 7.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Quality of life · women with stage Ia2 to IIa cervical cancer Nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy compared to standard radical hysterectomy for women with early stage… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction training vs usual care Menopause‐specific quality of life (quality of life) · female BRCA carriers post‐risk‐reducing surgery Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention Sexual function · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had… Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention Body image · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had… Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention Sexual self‐efficacy scale · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had… Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention Sexual knowledge · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had… Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention Participant satisfaction · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had… Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction training vs usual care Sexual function (sexual function) · female BRCA carriers post‐risk‐reducing surgery Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction training vs usual care Sexual distress (sexual distress) · female BRCA carriers post‐risk‐reducing surgery Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction training vs usual care Vasomotor symptoms (vasomotor) · female BRCA carriers post‐risk‐reducing surgery Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction training vs usual care Psychosocial (psychosocial) · female BRCA carriers post‐risk‐reducing surgery Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction training vs usual care Physical symptoms (physical) · female BRCA carriers post‐risk‐reducing surgery Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction training vs usual care Sexual symptoms (sexual) · female BRCA carriers post‐risk‐reducing surgery Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction training vs usual care Body image (body image) · female BRCA carriers post‐risk‐reducing surgery Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention Quality of life · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had… Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5‐ to 6‐year · people with glioma surviving at least two years Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.92, 2.06] | 1 study · 195 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 12 year · people with glioma surviving at least two years Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [1.02, 3.71] | 1 study · 65 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 2 year · people with glioma surviving at least two years Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.5 [0.11, 56.98] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: chemotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 3 year · people with glioma surviving at least two years Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.36, 5.7] | 1 study · 117 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 2 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.06, 4.85] | 1 study · 65 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.16 [0.01, 3.2] | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Intervention: chemoradiotherapy Comparison: radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 3 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.02, 8.88] | 1 study · 91 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Intervention: stereotactic conformal radiotherapy Comparison: radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 4.62 [0.25, 86.72] | 1 study · 23 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Overall survival (deaths at 1 year) · adults with glioblastoma Interval brain imaging for adults with cerebral glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 | 1 study · 125 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Overall survival (deaths at 2 years) · adults with glioblastoma Interval brain imaging for adults with cerebral glioma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 | 1 study · 125 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Progression free survival · adults with glioblastoma Interval brain imaging for adults with cerebral glioma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Anxiety · adults with glioblastoma Interval brain imaging for adults with cerebral glioma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · adults with glioblastoma Interval brain imaging for adults with cerebral glioma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two doses of HPV vaccine vs three doses of HPV vaccine Clinical and harms outcomes* · 9‐ to 15‐year‐old females Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval Antibody response (geometric mean titre) · 9‐ to 14‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 16 participants | Moderate |
Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval Invasive cervical, vaginal, vulval, anal, or penile cancer · 9‐ to 14‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval High‐grade cervical, vulval, vaginal, penile, or anal intraepithelial neoplasia · 9‐ to 14‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval Overall local/injection site adverse events · 9‐ to 14‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval Overall systemic events and general symptoms · 9‐ to 14‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval Serious adverse events at up to 5‐year · 9‐ to 14‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.15 [0.55, 2.41] | 1 study · 481 participants | Very low |
Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval Mortality at up to 5‐year · 9‐ to 14‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 481 participants | Low |
Three doses HPV vaccine vs control Invasive anal or penile cancer · 10‐ to 26‐year‐old males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Three doses HPV vaccine vs control Penile or anal intraepithelial neoplasia at up to 3‐year · 10‐ to 26‐year‐old males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.17 [0.01, 3.27] | 1 study · 2805 participants | Low |
Three doses HPV vaccine vs control External genital lesions (any genotype) at up to 3‐year · 10‐ to 26‐year‐old males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.16 [0.07, 0.38] | 1 study · 2545 participants | Moderate |
Two doses of HPV vaccine vs three doses of HPV vaccine Antibody response (immunogenicity) · 9‐ to 15‐year‐old females Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 45 participants | Moderate |
Three doses HPV vaccine vs control Anogenital warts at up to 3‐year · 10‐ to 26‐year‐old males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.11 [0.03, 0.38] | 1 study · 2805 participants | Moderate |
Three doses HPV vaccine vs control Overall local/injection site adverse events at 15‐day · 10‐ to 26‐year‐old males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [1.06, 1.18] | 1 study · 3895 participants | High |
Three doses HPV vaccine vs control Overall systemic events and general symptoms at 15‐day · 10‐ to 26‐year‐old males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.9, 1.08] | 2 studies · 5008 participants | Moderate |
Three doses HPV vaccine vs control Serious adverse events at up to 3‐year · 10‐ to 26‐year‐old males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.48 [0.15, 14.46] | 1 study · 270 participants | Very low |
Three doses HPV vaccine vs control Mortality at up to 3‐year · 10‐ to 26‐year‐old males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 270 participants | Low |
Nonavalent HPV vaccine vs quadrivalent HPV vaccine High‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer at up to 4.5‐year · 9‐ to 26‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.85, 1.16] | 1 study · 13753 participants | High |
Nonavalent HPV vaccine vs quadrivalent HPV vaccine High‐grade cervical, vulval, and vaginal disease at up to 4.5‐year · 9‐ to 26‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.85, 1.15] | 1 study · 14054 participants | High |
Nonavalent HPV vaccine vs quadrivalent HPV vaccine Overall local/injection site adverse events at 15‐day · 9‐ to 26‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [1.05, 1.08] | 3 studies · 15863 participants | High |
Nonavalent HPV vaccine vs quadrivalent HPV vaccine Overall systemic events and general symptoms at 15‐day · 9‐ to 26‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.98, 1.04] | 3 studies · 15863 participants | Moderate |
Nonavalent HPV vaccine vs quadrivalent HPV vaccine Serious adverse events at up to 4.5‐year · 9‐ to 26‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.14, 2.61] | 3 studies · 15863 participants | Low |