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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
731 questions in 61 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol
current versionsNo studies 57 · 7.8%Ungraded 39 · 5.3%Very low 186 · 25.4%Low 239 · 32.7%Moderate 171 · 23.4%High 39 · 5.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
GHB 50mg vs disulfiram be used Alcohol Craving Scale ‐ 12 months · alcohol dependent patients Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
GHB 50mg vs disulfiram be used side‐effects ‐ side‐effects causing abandon · alcohol dependent patients Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.11, 2.79] | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
GHB 50mg vs diazepam be used CIWA‐Ar score ‐ day 5 · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
GHB 50mg vs clomethiazole be used points withdrawal scale ‐ 7 hours · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
GHB 50mg vs clomethiazole be used CIWA‐Ar score ‐ day 8 · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
GHB 50mg vs clomethiazole be used side‐effects ‐ side‐effects causing abandon · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.9] | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
GHB 100mg vs clomethiazole be used CIWA‐Ar score ‐ day 8 · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Low |
GHB 100mg vs clomethiazole be used side‐effects ‐ side‐effects causing abandon · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.07, 15.79] | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
GHB 50mg vs GHB 100 mg be used CIWA‐Ar score ‐ day 8 · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Dropout ‐ All studies objective · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.88, 1.51] | 6 studies · 406 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo Severity of depression continuous measures ‐ HDRS total score at the end of the treatment · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 276 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressants vs placebo Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 3.03 [1.2, 7.68] | 3 studies · 276 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Drupout ‐ Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.74, 1.37] | 3 studies · 218 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Drupout ‐ SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.53 [0.91, 2.56] | 3 studies · 188 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ Tricyclics versus placebo: "very much" or "much" improvement on the Clinical Global Impression scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [1.26, 2.94] | 2 studies · 183 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Severity of depression continuous measures ‐ HDRS total score at the end of the treatment: Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 207 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 3.11 [1.06, 9.12] | 2 studies · 172 participants | High |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 2.55 [0.61, 10.75] | 2 studies · 139 participants | High |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Dropout ‐ Studies with low risk of bias · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [1, 1.96] | 4 studies · 325 participants | High |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ >50% reduction in depressive severity from baseline · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.54, 1.71] | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much" improved on the Clinical Global Impression Scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [1.26, 2.94] | 2 studies · 183 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Severity of depression continuous measures ‐ HDRS total score at the end of the treatment · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 346 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 2.9 [1.23, 6.86] | 4 studies · 311 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressants vs placebo Dropout · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.88, 1.64] | 4 studies · 322 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressants vs placebo Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much" improved on the Clinical Global Impression scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 2.03 [1.17, 3.53] | 1 study · 137 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ >50% reduction in depressive severity from baseline · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.54, 1.71] | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Retention in treatment ‐ Old studies (pre 2000) objective · patients with opioid dependence Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence (2009) · Cochrane | RR 3.05 [1.75, 5.35] | 3 studies · 505 participants | High |
Intervention NR Retention in treatment ‐ New studies · patients with opioid dependence Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence (2009) · Cochrane | RR 4.44 [3.26, 6.04] | 4 studies · 750 participants | High |
Intervention NR Morphine positive urine or hair analysis objective · patients with opioid dependence Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.56, 0.78] | 6 studies · 1129 participants | High |
Intervention NR Criminal activity objective · patients with opioid dependence Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.12, 1.25] | 3 studies · 363 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality objective · patients with opioid dependence Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.1, 2.39] | 4 studies · 576 participants | Moderate |