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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs no music Frequency of hospitalisation for respiratory infection · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.02, 1.22] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs self‐selected music QoL (change from baseline) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs self‐selected music Exercise capacity (change from baseline) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adherence to treatment (number of participants undertaking physical activity) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.67 [1.24, 10.85] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Frequency of hospitalisation for respiratory infection · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Frequency of non‐hospitalised respiratory infection · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR FEV1 % predicted (change from baseline) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR FVC % predicted (change from baseline) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR QoL (change from baseline) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Exercise capacity (change from baseline) VO2 peak · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs no music Frequency of non‐hospitalised respiratory infection · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs no music FEV1 % predicted (change from baseline) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs no music FVC % predicted (change from baseline) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs no music QoL (change from baseline) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs no music Exercise capacity (change from baseline) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ self‐selected music vs no music Adherence to treatment Morisky‐Green questionnaire (number of participants showing full adherence) · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.57, 1.86] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ self‐selected music vs no music Frequency of hospitalisation for respiratory infection · people with CF Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.18, 1.86] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Digital technology (TIM) vs standard treatment (TBM) Adherence to the inhaled treatment: · children aged 5 to 16 years Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 24 [2.95, 45.05] | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Digital technology (web‐based platform CFHealthHub) vs usual care Number of pulmonary exacerbations · people with CF aged 16 years and over Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | rate ratio 0.92 | 1 study · 607 participants | Moderate |
Digital technology (TIM) vs standard treatment (TBM) Treatment burden · children aged 5 to 16 years Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Digital technology (TIM) vs standard treatment (TBM) QoL · children aged 5 to 16 years Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Digital technology (TIM) vs standard treatment (TBM) FEV1 (mean change from baseline, % predicted) · children aged 5 to 16 years Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 1 | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Digital technology (TIM) vs standard treatment (TBM) Number of pulmonary exacerbations · children aged 5 to 16 years Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Digital technology (web‐based platform CFHealthHub) vs usual care Adherence to the inhaled treatment: percentage adherence · people with CF aged 16 years and over Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 18 [12.9, 23.1] | 1 study · 588 participants | Moderate |
Digital technology (web‐based platform CFHealthHub) vs usual care Treatment burden: CFQ‐R treatment burden domain score (higher score is better) · people with CF aged 16 years and over Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 5.1 [1.79, 8.41] | 1 study · 539 participants | Moderate |
Digital technology (web‐based platform CFHealthHub) vs usual care QoL: CFQ‐R domain scores at end of study · people with CF aged 16 years and over Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 3.2 | 1 study · 538 participants | Moderate |
Digital technology (web‐based platform CFHealthHub) vs usual care FEV1: mean FEV1 % predicted at end of study · people with CF aged 16 years and over Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 3.7 | 1 study · 556 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs usual care Adherence to inhaled therapies: % of prescribed inhaled therapies taken · children, adolescents or adults with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 9.5 [8.6, 10.4] | 1 study · 588 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs an active comparator QoL CFQ‐R (Quittner 2009) · adults (aged 16 years and over) with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs an active comparator Lung function FEV1 % predicted · adults (aged 16 years and over) with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 125 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs an active comparator Pulmonary exacerbations · adults (aged 16 years and over) with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 128 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs usual care Treatment‐related adverse events Anxiety: GAD‐7 (Spitzer 2006) · children, adolescents or adults with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 0.3 | 1 study · 535 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs usual care Treatment‐related adverse events Depression PHQ‐8 (Kroenke 2009) · children, adolescents or adults with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 534 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs usual care QoL CFQ‐R (Quittner 2009) · children, adolescents or adults with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 3.9 [1.2, 6.6] | 1 study · 539 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs usual care Lung function FEV1 % predicted · children, adolescents or adults with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | MD 1.4 | 1 study · 556 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs usual care Pulmonary exacerbations · children, adolescents or adults with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 607 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs an active comparator Adherence to inhaled therapies cMPR · adults (aged 16 years and over) with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs an active comparator Treatment‐related adverse events Anxiety · adults (aged 16 years and over) with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: psychological interventions vs an active comparator Treatment‐related adverse events Depression · adults (aged 16 years and over) with CF Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs usual care or placebo Frequency of transfusion (transfused volume/year) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs another foetal haemoglobin inducer HbF (%) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 84 participants | Low |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs another foetal haemoglobin inducer QoL · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs another foetal haemoglobin inducer Adverse events · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 118 participants | Very low |
One dose or dose regimen of a foetal haemoglobin inducer vs another dose or dose regimen of the same foetal haemoglobin inducer Frequency of transfusion (transfused volume/ year) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One dose or dose regimen of a foetal haemoglobin inducer vs another dose or dose regimen of the same foetal haemoglobin inducer Transfusion‐free interval (days) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One dose or dose regimen of a foetal haemoglobin inducer vs another dose or dose regimen of the same foetal haemoglobin inducer Haemoglobin (g/dL) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
One dose or dose regimen of a foetal haemoglobin inducer vs another dose or dose regimen of the same foetal haemoglobin inducer HbF (%) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
One dose or dose regimen of a foetal haemoglobin inducer vs another dose or dose regimen of the same foetal haemoglobin inducer QoL · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One dose or dose regimen of a foetal haemoglobin inducer vs another dose or dose regimen of the same foetal haemoglobin inducer Adverse events · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 82 participants | Very low |
One dose or dose regimen of a foetal haemoglobin inducer vs another dose or dose regimen of the same foetal haemoglobin inducer Neutropenia (WBC < 1 × 103/μL, ANC < 0.5 × 103/μL) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | RR 9.93 [1.34, 73.67] | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |