Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,230 questions · 1,303 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 73 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 21 · 1.6%Very low 497 · 38.1%Low 403 · 30.9%Moderate 245 · 18.8%High 64 · 4.9%

CBT vs TAU

Pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

CBT may leads to higher pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) (Higher… compared with TAU (post‐treatment) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.31 [1.14, 4.66]
4 studies · 1229 participants
Low

CBT vs TAU

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 959 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

Depressive symptoms · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 223 participants
Moderate
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 638 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

Distress/PTSD symptoms at study endpoint (higher score = higher severity) · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 535 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 159 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Indicated prevention interventions vs control group

QoL · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1136 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 152 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Indicated prevention interventions vs control group

Psychological functioning and impairment at study endpoint (higher score = higher disability) · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 663 participants
Moderate
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 448 participants
High

Summary of findings table ‐ Indicated prevention interventions vs control group

Depressive symptoms · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 2341 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 771 participants
High

Summary of findings table ‐ Promotion/universal prevention interventions vs control group

QoL · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 684 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 803 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Indicated prevention interventions vs control group

Anxiety · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 250 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 888 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Indicated prevention interventions vs control group

Distress/PTSD symptoms at study endpoint (higher score = higher severity) · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 studies · 2536 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 448 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Promotion/universal prevention interventions vs control group

Psychological functioning and impairment at study endpoint (higher score = higher disability) · preventing mental disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 212 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Promotion/universal prevention interventions vs control group

Depressive symptoms · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 160 participants
Low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 349 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Promotion/universal prevention interventions vs control group

Anxiety · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 183 participants
Low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 158 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Promotion/universal prevention interventions vs control group

Distress/PTSD symptoms at study endpoint (higher score = higher severity) · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 800 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 722 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

QoL · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 115 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 229 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

Psychological functioning and impairment at study endpoint (higher score = higher disability) · preventing mental disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 479 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

Anxiety · preventing mental disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

Physical function · systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 182 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs placebo + standard care

Functional capacity · systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 17 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs usual pharmacological care alone

Physical function · systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 96 participants
Low