Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

469 questions · 483 findings · 63 reviews

No studies found 117 · 24.2%GRADE not reported 13 · 2.7%Very low 68 · 14.1%Low 141 · 29.2%Moderate 112 · 23.2%High 32 · 6.6%

Sodium valproate vs phenytoin monotherapy

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All participants Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures

Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium valproate vs phenytoin monotherapy

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures

Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium valproate vs phenytoin monotherapy

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) All participants Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures

Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) All participants Range of compared with phenytoin monotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium valproate vs phenytoin monotherapy

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures

Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium valproate vs phenytoin monotherapy

Remission · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures

Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) All… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium valproate vs phenytoin monotherapy

Time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures

Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup:… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ generalised onset Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup:… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: generalised… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE changes mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement)… compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ general adverse events 24 weeks' · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE changes adverse events: General: any adverse event compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES

Mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement) · patients with schizophrenia

CBT showed no clear difference in mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement) compared with ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review