Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,703 questions · 15,007 findings · 1,416 reviews

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No studies found 2,881 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 1,551 · 10.3%Very low 3,111 · 20.7%Low 3,881 · 25.9%Moderate 2,669 · 17.8%High 914 · 6.1%

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Memantine vs placebo

Adaptive behaviour · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Memantine for autism spectrum disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 23 participants
Low

Memantine vs placebo

Hyperactivity · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Memantine for autism spectrum disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 121 participants
Low

Memantine vs placebo

Irritability · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Memantine for autism spectrum disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 121 participants
Low

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications vs placebo

Participants with ≥ 1 vomiting episode · adults receiving intravenous opioids

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in vomiting (≥1 episode) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antiemetics for adults receiving intravenous opioids in the acute care setting 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.26, 5.32]
3 studies · 527 participants
Low

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications vs placebo

Nausea · adults receiving intravenous opioids

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in nausea (≥1 episode) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antiemetics for adults receiving intravenous opioids in the acute care setting 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.15, 2.03]
2 studies · 336 participants
Low

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications vs placebo

Adverse events · adults receiving intravenous opioids

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antiemetics for adults receiving intravenous opioids in the acute care setting 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.34 [0.47, 11.61]
3 studies · 527 participants
Low

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications vs placebo

Number of vomiting episodes · adults receiving intravenous opioids

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antiemetics for adults receiving intravenous opioids in the acute care setting 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications vs placebo

Nausea severity · adults receiving intravenous opioids

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antiemetics for adults receiving intravenous opioids in the acute care setting 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 191 participants
Low

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications vs placebo

Use of rescue medication · adults receiving intravenous opioids

Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in rescue medication compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antiemetics for adults receiving intravenous opioids in the acute care setting 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.86 [0.17, 20.16]
3 studies · 527 participants
Low

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo or no intervention

Presence of normal olfactory function · people with olfactory dysfunction for less than 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection

It is very uncertain whether intranasal steroid spray changes presence of normal olfactory function Assessed by participants as a… compared with no intervention/placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.85, 1.68]
1 study · 100 participants
Very low
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.31 [1.16, 4.64]
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo or no intervention

Other adverse effects · people with olfactory dysfunction for less than 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

Presence of normal olfactory function · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days

Intranasal steroid drops showed no clear difference in presence of normal olfactory function Assessed by participants > 4… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.89, 1.11]
1 study · 248 participants
Low

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

Serious adverse effects · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

Change in sense of smell · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

Prevalence of parosmia · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

Change in taste · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

Disease‐related quality of life · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

Other adverse effects · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events · people with olfactory dysfunction for less than 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo or no intervention

Change in sense of smell · people with olfactory dysfunction for less than 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection

3 findings from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Very low
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Very low
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Low