Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,584 questions · 3,695 findings · 567 reviews

No studies found 784 · 21.2%GRADE not reported 308 · 8.3%Very low 1,036 · 28%Low 971 · 26.3%Moderate 440 · 11.9%High 156 · 4.2%

Targeted mass media intervention vs targeted mass media intervention plus personalised content

Adverse effects · adult, ethnic minority groups: Latino immigrants, elderly Chinese immigrants, self‐described Americans of African heritage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media intervention vs targeted mass media intervention plus personalised content

Any outcome considered an adverse effect · adult, ethnic minority groups: Latino immigrants, elderly Chinese immigrants, self‐described Americans of African heritage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

6‐Month abstinence ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke

Active NRT leads to higher abstinence at 6 months ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

6‐Month abstinence ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor · people who smoke

Active NRT showed no clear difference in abstinence at 6 months ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

Abstinence · people who smoke

Active NRT showed no clear difference in abstinence at end of treatment compared with placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

Abstinence at end of treatment ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke

Active NRT leads to higher abstinence at end of treatment ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

Abstinence at end of treatment ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor · people who smoke

Active NRT probably leads to lower abstinence at end of treatment ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

6‐Month abstinence ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether active NRT changes 6‐Month abstinence ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

6‐Month abstinence ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor · people who smoke

Active NRT showed no clear difference in 6‐Month abstinence ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

End of treatment ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

End of treatment ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor · people who smoke

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score intra procedure Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with pain associated with orogastric tube insertion
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score 30 seconds post procedure Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with pain associated with orogastric tube insertion
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score 1 min post procedure Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with pain associated with orogastric tube insertion
1 finding from 1 review