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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. QUETIAPINE Adverse effects: movement disorders over 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.46, 6.06] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. QUETIAPINE Economic outcomes ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: a. RISPERIDONE + OXCARBAZEPINE Tranquillisation or asleep by 30 minutes ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL Repeated need for tranquillisation within 24 hours ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: a. RISPERIDONE + OXCARBAZEPINE Repeated need for tranquillisation within 24 hours ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: a. RISPERIDONE + OXCARBAZEPINE Specific behaviour: agitation, over 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: a. RISPERIDONE + OXCARBAZEPINE Global Outcome: average scores, over 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: a. RISPERIDONE + OXCARBAZEPINE Adverse effects: movement disorders, over 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.59 [0.49, 5.14] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: a. RISPERIDONE + OXCARBAZEPINE Economic outcomes ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: b. RISPERIDONE + VALPROIC ACID Tranquillisation or asleep by 30 minutes ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: b. RISPERIDONE + VALPROIC ACID Repeated need for tranquillisation within 24 hours ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: b. RISPERIDONE + VALPROIC ACID Specific behaviour ‐ aggression, over 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: b. RISPERIDONE + VALPROIC ACID Global outcome ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: b. RISPERIDONE + VALPROIC ACID Adverse effects: movement disorders, over 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.28, 2.03] | 2 studies · 122 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL Specific behaviour: agitation, up to 24 hours (PANSS‐PAS response) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.86, 1.26] | 1 study · 124 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs COMBINATION: b. RISPERIDONE + VALPROIC ACID Economic outcomes ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL Global outcome: need for additional measures · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.43, 9.21] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL Adverse effects: up to 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.54, 1.66] | 1 study · 124 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL Economic outcomes ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. OLANZAPINE Tranquillisation or asleep by 30 minutes ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. OLANZAPINE Repeated need for tranquillisation within 24 hours ‐ not measured · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. OLANZAPINE Specific behaviour: agitation, up to 2 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Mental state: significant response or improvement in negative symptoms (PANSS negative subscale, high = worse) ‐ short term (12 weeks) · adults with schizophrenia Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.17 [1.52, 6.58] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Mental state: specific ‐ average positive symptoms score (PANSS positive subscale, high = worse) ‐ short term (2 to 12 weeks) · adults with schizophrenia Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 294 participants | Low |
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Clinical global response: significant response or improvement in global status (CGI‐S, high = worse) ‐ short term (4 weeks) · adults with schizophrenia Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.45, 2.2] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Cognitive functioning: significant response or improvement in cognitive functioning · adults with schizophrenia Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Cognitive functioning: average compostive endpoint score (SMD, low = favours NRI) ‐ short term (2 to 12 weeks) · adults with schizophrenia Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 180 participants | Low |
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Quality of life: Average endpoint score (GQOLI‐74, high = better) ‐ short term (2 to 12 weeks) · adults with schizophrenia Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 114 participants | Very low |
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Adverse effects: Nausea ‐ short term (2 to 12 weeks) · adults with schizophrenia Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.1, 2.41] | 3 studies · 176 participants | Low |
RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Mental state: positive symptoms ‒average endpoint score (PANSS positive subscale, lower = better) · for people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data Subjective well‐being · people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data Craving for substances: 2. Drug Desires Questionnaire‐ average endpoint scores (DDQ, lower = better) · people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data Adherence to antipsychotic medication: number of missed doses, average endpoint data, short term (up to 6 months) · people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data Adverse effects: Parkinsonism ‐ average endpoint score (SAS, high = worse) · people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data Leaving study early: any reason · people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.34, 1.35] | 2 studies · 77 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs PERHENAZINE ‒ long‐term data Leaving the study early: any reason · people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.92, 1.2] | 1 study · 281 participants | Low |
RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data Leaving the study early: 1. any reason, long term (>12 months) · people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.86, 1.07] | 1 study · 294 participants | Low |
RISPERIDONE vs ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months) Leaving the study early: any reason · people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.85, 1.1] | 1 study · 240 participants | Low |
RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Substance use: improvement ‒ (at least 20% reduction in use, TLFB scale) · for people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.3, 3.35] | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Subjective well‐being: Subjective well‐being under neuroleptics scale ‒ average endpoint scores (SWN scale, higher = better) · for people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Craving for substances: Marijuana Craving Questionnaire ‒ average endpoint scores (MCQ, lower = better) · for people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Adherence to antipsychotic medication: discontinued medication · for people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.05 [0.21, 78.76] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Adverse effects. 1. Movement disorders ‐ any extrapyramidal · for people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.71 [0.3, 24.08] | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Leaving the study early ‒ any reason · for people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.1, 2.51] | 2 studies · 45 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data Mental state: 2. Specific‐ Positive symptoms, total score‐ average endpoint scores (SADS‐C‐PD scale, lower = better) · people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data Substance use: 1. Reduction of cannabis use‐change data (number of joints smoked/week) · people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Chlorpromazine vs piperacetazine Global state: clinically important change ‐ as defined by each of the studies · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.02] | 2 studies · 208 participants | Very low |
Chlorpromazine vs piperacetazine Mental state: overall mean change score (BPRS total, high = poor)* · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 182 participants | Very low |
Chlorpromazine vs piperacetazine Mental state: specific ‐ clinically important change in negative symptoms · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chlorpromazine vs piperacetazine Adverse effects/events: incidence of adverse effects ‐ as defined by each of the studies · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.75, 1.33] | 3 studies · 74 participants | Very low |