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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs other drugs or herbs Hepatitis B‐related morbidity · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus other drugs or herbs for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs other drugs or herbs Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 adverse events considered 'not to be serious' (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus other drugs or herbs for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.42, 1.75] | 2 studies · 163 participants | Very low |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs other drugs or herbs Exploratory outcome: Proportion of participants with detectable HBV‐DNA (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus other drugs or herbs for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.81, 1.63] | 8 studies · 719 participants | Very low |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs other drugs or herbs Exploratory outcome: Proportion of participants with detectable HBeAg (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus other drugs or herbs for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.75, 0.98] | 7 studies · 588 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs no intervention All‐cause mortality · chronic hepatitis B Acupuncture for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no intervention Proportion of participants with 1 or more serious adverse events · chronic hepatitis B Acupuncture for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · chronic hepatitis B Acupuncture for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no intervention Hepatitis B‐related mortality · chronic hepatitis B Acupuncture for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no intervention Hepatitis B‐related morbidity · chronic hepatitis B Acupuncture for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no intervention Proportion of participants with 1 or more adverse events considered to be 'not serious' (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Acupuncture for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.43, 1.06] | 3 studies · 203 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs no intervention Exploratory outcomes: Proportion of participants with detectable HBV DNA (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Acupuncture for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Interventions · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Liver transplantation · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Ciprofloxacin (2 RCT; 275 participants) · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.93 [0.69, 1.25] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefotaxime (1 RCT; 37 participants) · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.56 [0.11, 2.28] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Ciprofloxacin (1 RCT; 35 participants) · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.65 [0.12, 2.72] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Ceftazidime (No direct RCT) · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1.15 [0.17, 6.37] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Amikacin (No direct RCT) · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.76 [0.09, 5.9] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefixime (1 RCT; 38 participants) · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1.26 [0.26, 6.9] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefonicid (1 RCT; 60 participants) · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1.3 [0.52, 3.24] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Meropenem plus daptomycin (No direct RCT) · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.64 [0.05, 6.13] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Ofloxacin (No direct RCT) · people with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.56 [0.09, 2.93] | NR | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) All‐cause mortality at 30 days · people with cirrhotic portal hypertension Surgical portosystemic shunts versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal haemorrhage… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.44, 1.99] | 4 studies · 496 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) All‐cause mortality at 5 years · people with cirrhotic portal hypertension Surgical portosystemic shunts versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal haemorrhage… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.42, 0.9] | 4 studies · 496 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) Number of participants with Variceal rebleeding episodes at 30 days · people with cirrhotic portal hypertension Surgical portosystemic shunts versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal haemorrhage… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.18 [0.07, 0.49] | 4 studies · 496 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) Number of participants with reintervention at 5 years · people with cirrhotic portal hypertension Surgical portosystemic shunts versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal haemorrhage… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.06, 0.28] | 4 studies · 496 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) Irreversible shunt occlusion at 5 years · people with cirrhotic portal hypertension Surgical portosystemic shunts versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal haemorrhage… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.04, 0.51] | 4 studies · 496 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) Number of participants with encephalopathy at 5 years · people with cirrhotic portal hypertension Surgical portosystemic shunts versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal haemorrhage… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.27, 1.16] | 4 studies · 496 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) Health‐related quality of life · people with cirrhotic portal hypertension Surgical portosystemic shunts versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal haemorrhage… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 210 participants | Ungraded |
Methionine and supportive treatment vs supportive treatment Mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.14 [0, 6.82] | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) Hepatotoxicity · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.11, 4.08] | 1 study · 202 participants | Very low |
Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) Vomiting, retching, or antiemetics from 0‐2 hours · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.3 [0.17, 0.53] | 1 study · 217 participants | Low |
Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) Vomiting, retching, or antiemetics 0‐12 hours · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.22, 0.75] | 1 study · 203 participants | Low |
Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) Anaphylactoid symptoms · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.39 [0.21, 0.7] | 1 study · 208 participants | Low |
Oral vs intravenous acetylcysteine Mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low |
Oral vs intravenous acetylcysteine Hepatotoxicity · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral vs intravenous acetylcysteine Nausea · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.71 [1, 7.38] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low |
Oral vs intravenous acetylcysteine Vomiting · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.1 [0.62, 7.12] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low |
Intravenous acetylcysteine vs placebo Mortality · people with fulminant hepatic failure secondary to paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.29 [0.09, 0.94] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Initial infusion rate of intravenous acetylcysteine over 15 minutes vs 60 minutes Mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 180 participants | Very low |
Methionine and supportive treatment vs supportive treatment Hepatotoxicity · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.05 [0.01, 0.53] | 1 study · 26 participants | Low |
Initial infusion rate of intravenous acetylcysteine over 15 minutes vs 60 minutes Hepatotoxicity · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.34 [0.39, 4.56] | 1 study · 175 participants | Very low |
Initial infusion rate of intravenous acetylcysteine over 15 minutes vs 60 minutes Any adverse event · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.51 [0.27, 0.96] | 1 study · 180 participants | Low |
Oral plus intravenous acetylcysteine vs intravenous acetylcysteine Mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Oral plus intravenous acetylcysteine vs intravenous acetylcysteine Hepatotoxicity · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Charcoal haemoperfusion vs no intervention Mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 7.39 [0.15, 372.38] | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Cysteamine vs no intervention Mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.53 [0.05, 5.22] | 2 studies · 65 participants | Very low |
Cysteamine vs no intervention Hepatotoxicity (aspartate aminotransferase > 1000 IU/L) · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.09 [0.02, 0.35] | 2 studies · 65 participants | Low |
Cysteamine vs dimercaprol Mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.14 [0, 6.82] | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Cysteamine vs dimercaprol Mean maximum alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |