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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
current versionsNo studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Electronic drug stock notification system with product transport support vs paper‐based stock notification Information use · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Recording errors of TB drug susceptibility test results (Overall) · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.17 [0.09, 0.32] | 1 study · 1270 participants | Moderate |
Electronic drug stock notification system with product transport support vs paper‐based stock notification Functioning of the RHIS · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic drug stock notification system with product transport support vs paper‐based stock notification Health provider outcomes · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Service quality · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Health worker motivation a · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Receipt of training by health workers f · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Health information indexg · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Quality of clinical observation ‐ childrenh · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Quality of clinical observation ‐ adultsi · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Data quality · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Information use · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Recording errors: misidentification errors for TB culture test resultse · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.15 [0.47, 2.81] | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Functioning of the RHIS · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Health information strengthening as part of comprehensive quality improvement vs no quality improvement Health provider outcomes · intervention health facilities (n = 24 health facilities) Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Recording errors: misidentification errors for TB drug susceptibility test resultse · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.1 [0.46, 2.63] | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Service quality · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Timeliness of starting or changing a patient's TB treatment · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.82 [0.55, 1.22] | 1 study · 1671 participants | Very low |
Implementation interventions vs no intervention Quality of care: healthcare professional adherence to EBP at 12 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation Implementation interventions to promote the uptake of evidence‐based practices in stroke rehabilitation (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.53, 2.64] | 2 studies · 1455 participants | Very low |
Implementation interventions vs no intervention Patient adherence to recommended treatment: number of outdoor journeys per week at 6 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation Implementation interventions to promote the uptake of evidence‐based practices in stroke rehabilitation (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.5 | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Implementation interventions vs no intervention Patient health status: HRQoL (EQ‐5D: –0.59 to 1, higher score better) at up to 6 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation Implementation interventions to promote the uptake of evidence‐based practices in stroke rehabilitation (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.01 | 2 studies · 1242 participants | Moderate |
Implementation interventions vs no intervention Patient health status: ADL (Barthel Index, 0–20, higher score = better) at up to 6 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation Implementation interventions to promote the uptake of evidence‐based practices in stroke rehabilitation (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.29 | 2 studies · 1272 participants | Moderate |
Implementation interventions vs no intervention Patient health status: psychological well‐being (GHQ‐12, 0–36, higher score = worse) at up to 6 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation Implementation interventions to promote the uptake of evidence‐based practices in stroke rehabilitation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1273 participants | Low |
Implementation interventions vs no intervention Health professional outcomes · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation Implementation interventions to promote the uptake of evidence‐based practices in stroke rehabilitation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with enhanced management vs standard care Proportion of healthcare workers who reported a stockout of drugs in the last 30 days (stockout of cotrimoxazole to treat bacterial infections) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity or stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.49, 1.9] | 171 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with effective product transport vs standard care Proportion of healthcare workers who reported a stockout of drugs in the last 30 days (stockout of cotrimoxazole to treat bacterial infections) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity and stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.7, 2.44] | 168 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with effective product transport vs standard care Proportion of healthcare workers who reported a stockout of drugs in the last 30 days (stockout of artemether‐lumefantrine 2 X 6 to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium facilparum) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity and stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.81, 2.5] | 168 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with effective product transport vs standard care Proportion of healthcare workers who reported a stockout of drugs in the last 30 days (stockout of oral rehydration salts (ORS) to treat dehydration) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity and stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.3, 1.23] | 168 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with effective product transport vs standard care Proportion of healthcare workers who reported a stockout of drugs in the last 30 days (stockout of zinc 20 mg to treat diarrhoea) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity and stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.67, 1.82] | 168 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with effective product transport vs standard care Quality of data about stock management (assessed by the extent to which HSAs (intervention group participants) send messages about the stocks on hand for all the products they managed) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity and stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 253 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with effective product transport vs standard care Time between stock‐level reporting and appropriate action (Measured over an 18‐month period: January 2012 to June 2013) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity and stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 253 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with effective product transport vs standard care Provider acceptability and satisfaction (Proportion of participants who reported using the digital intervention) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity and stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 78 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with effective product transport vs standard care Resource use · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity and stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with effective product transport vs standard care Unintended consequences · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity and stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with enhanced management vs standard care Proportion of healthcare workers who reported a stockout of drugs in the last 30 days (stockout of artemether‐lumefantrine 2 X 6 to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium facilparum) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity or stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.36, 1.44] | 171 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with enhanced management vs standard care Proportion of healthcare workers who reported a stockout of drugs in the last 30 days (stockout of oral rehydration salts (ORS) to treat dehydration) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity or stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.61, 1.69] | 171 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with enhanced management vs standard care Proportion of healthcare workers who reported a stockout of drugs in the last 30 days (stockout of zinc 20 mg to treat diarrhoea) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity or stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.56, 1.78] | 171 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with enhanced management vs standard care Quality of data about stock management (assessed by the extent to which HSAs (intervention group participants) sent messages about the stocks on hand for all the products they managed) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity or stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 393 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with enhanced management vs standard care Time between stock‐level reporting and appropriate action (measured over an 18‐month period (January 2012 to June 2013) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity or stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 393 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with enhanced management vs standard care Provider acceptability and satisfaction (proportion of participants who reported using the digital intervention) · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity or stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 81 participants | Very low |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with enhanced management vs standard care Resource use · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity or stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Primary objective: mobile stock notification with enhanced management vs standard care Unintended consequences · healthcare workers and other health professionals involved in commodity or stock management Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mobile technologies used by primary care providers to consult with a hospital‐based specialist vs usual care Providers' adherence to recommended practice, guidelines or protocols: Adherence to the advised monitoring criteria · Primary care providers consulting with dermatologists (6 studies), ophthalmologists (2 studies), radiologists (1… Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3004 participants | Moderate |
Mobile technologies for use in the emergency department vs usual care Healthcare use: length of stay in the emergency department · Emergency physicians consulting with hospital specialists about adults attending the emergency department Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 345 participants | Moderate |
Mobile technologies for use in the emergency department vs usual care Participants' health status and well‐being · Emergency physicians consulting with hospital specialists about adults attending the emergency department Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mobile technologies for use in the emergency department vs usual care Participant and provider acceptability or satisfaction · Emergency physicians consulting with hospital specialists about adults attending the emergency department Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mobile technologies for use in the emergency department vs usual care Costs · Emergency physicians consulting with hospital specialists about adults attending the emergency department Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mobile technologies for use in the emergency department vs usual care Technical problems · Emergency physicians consulting with hospital specialists about adults attending the emergency department Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 345 participants | Moderate |
Mobile technologies for use in the emergency department vs usual care CI: Confidence interval · Emergency physicians consulting with hospital specialists about adults attending the emergency department Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mobile technologies used by community health or home‐care workers vs usual care Providers' adherence to recommended practice, guidelines or protocols · Community‐based peer health workers consulting with clinic staff about receiving antiretroviral therapy, community… Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |