Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

298 questions · 298 findings · 46 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 69 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 21 · 7%Very low 75 · 25.2%Low 66 · 22.1%Moderate 57 · 19.1%High 10 · 3.4%

Aromatherapy vs placebo

Patient satisfaction with treatment Measured by a validated scale · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Peppermint vs placebo

Nausea severity · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

1 finding from 1 review

Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 115 participants
Low

Nausea duration (nausea‐free at end of treatment) Measured by participant self‐report or medical or nursing observation · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Peppermint vs placebo

Rescue antiemetic · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Peppermint vs placebo

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Bispectral index vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

ICU length of stay (general intensive care patients) · Mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit

1 finding from 1 review

BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Bispectral index vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

Duration of mechanical ventilation · Mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit

BIS monitoring showed no clear difference in duration of mechanical ventilation (measured in days) compared with clinical assessment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 155 participants
Low

Bispectral index vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

Adverse events: Measured as number of patients with adverse events · Mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit

1 finding from 1 review

BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 105 participants
Very low

Bispectral index vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

Death from any cause (secondary outcome 3) · Mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antagonist‐adrenergic combination vs adrenergic agonist

Peak withdrawal severity ‐ Naltrexone · opioid dependent adults

1 finding from 1 review

Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 184 participants
Very low

Antagonist‐adrenergic combination vs adrenergic agonist

Peak withdrawal severity ‐ Naloxone · opioid dependent adults

1 finding from 1 review

Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 91 participants
Very low

Antagonist‐adrenergic combination vs adrenergic agonist

Overall withdrawal severity ‐ Naltrexone · opioid dependent adults

1 finding from 1 review

Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 256 participants
Very low

Antagonist‐adrenergic combination vs adrenergic agonist

Overall withdrawal severity ‐ Naloxone · opioid dependent adults

1 finding from 1 review

Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Antagonist‐adrenergic combination vs adrenergic agonist

Completion rate ‐ Naltrexone · opioid dependent adults

1 finding from 1 review

Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 330 participants
Very low

Antagonist‐adrenergic combination vs adrenergic agonist

Completion rate ‐ Naloxone · opioid dependent adults

1 finding from 1 review

Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 463 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Mortality during hospital stay · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality during hospital stay (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.4, 1.56]
3 studies · 122 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Length of NICU stay (days) · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
5.4 [0.4, 10.5]
2 studies · 89 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

PIPP score during drug infusion Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks' PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks' PMA. Lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996) · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

The intervention showed no clear difference in PIPP score during drug infusion Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Poor neurological outcome by 28 days' postnatal age · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

The intervention showed no clear difference in poor neurological outcome by 28 days' postnatal age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.34 [0.5, 3.56]
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in PIPP score during drug infusion Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 1
1 study · 46 participants
Moderate