Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

489 questions · 532 findings · 33 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 55 · 10.3%GRADE not reported 28 · 5.3%Very low 119 · 22.4%Low 167 · 31.4%Moderate 129 · 24.2%High 34 · 6.4%

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Short‐term remission · adults with panic disorder

Cognitive behaviour therapy showed no clear difference in short‐term remission ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.67 [0.25, 1.82]
3 studies · 176 participants
Low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Short‐term response ( · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term response ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.12 [0.4, 3.26]
3 studies · 176 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Short‐term dropouts ( · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term dropouts ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.64 [0.28, 1.43]
3 studies · 176 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Long‐term remission/response · adults with panic disorder

Cognitive behaviour therapy showed no clear difference in long‐term remission/response ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.09 [0.73, 5.98]
1 study · 80 participants
Low

Specific psychological therapy vs alternative specific psychological therapy

Clinical improvement: weight restoration to within the normal weight range for participant sample · people with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa

It is very uncertain whether specific psychological therapy changes clinical improvement: weight restoration to within the normal weight… compared with alternative specific psychological therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Specific psychological therapies versus other therapies or no treatment for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.42 [0.66, 3.05]
1 study · 63 participants
Very low

Specific psychological therapy vs alternative specific psychological therapy

Treatment non‐completion: proportion of participants who did not complete treatment · people with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa

It is very uncertain whether specific psychological therapy changes treatment non‐completion: proportion of participants who did not… compared with alternative specific psychological therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Specific psychological therapies versus other therapies or no treatment for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.72 [0.45, 6.59]
1 study · 63 participants
Very low

Specific psychological therapy vs alternative specific psychological therapy

Dropouts due to adverse events · people with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa

1 finding from 1 review

Specific psychological therapies versus other therapies or no treatment for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 8 RCTs Total Participants: 9983 · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 9983 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Severe exacerbations ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 812(1 RCT)

The intervention showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.45, 4.37]
1 study · 812 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3063(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.99, 1.19]
3 studies · 6 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 1916(2 RCTs)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.91, 1.35]
2 studies · 6 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2480(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.08]
2 studies · 6 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 4818(4 RCTs)

The intervention probably leads to higher ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [1.01, 1.14]
4 studies · 6 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of participants: 2821(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.95, 1.03]
3 studies · 6 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 7881(5 RCTs)

The intervention may leads to higher ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 7881(5… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [1.02, 1.15]
5 studies · 6 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2817(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.9, 1.07]
2 studies · 12 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2222(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.95, 1.07]
2 studies · 12 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 1088(1 RCT)

The intervention probably leads to higher ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [1.01, 1.15]
1 study · 12 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 1631(1 RCT)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.03]
1 study · 12 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Severe exacerbations ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 1727(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants:… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.45, 1.42]
2 studies · 1727 participants
Moderate