Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

283 questions · 285 findings · 33 reviews · Epilepsy

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No studies found 31 · 10.9%GRADE not reported 13 · 4.6%Very low 33 · 11.6%Low 80 · 28.1%Moderate 96 · 33.7%High 32 · 11.2%

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

Deaths · patients with status epilepticus

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 178 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

Requirement for ventilatory support · patients with status epilepticus

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 178 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Time to treatment withdrawal ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention may leads to higher time to treatment withdrawal ‐ all participants Range of (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.62 [1.23, 2.14]
3 studies · 499 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Time to first seizure ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to first seizure ‐ all participants Range of (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.86 [0.69, 1.08]
4 studies · 592 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Time to first seizure ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Generalised seizures Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to first seizure ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Generalised… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.14 [0.73, 1.78]
3 studies · 131 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Time to first seizure ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Partial onset Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to first seizure ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Partial onset… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.78 [0.61, 1.01]
4 studies · 461 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Time to treatment withdrawal ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Generalised seizures Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention may leads to higher time to treatment withdrawal ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 4.04 [1.61, 10.14]
2 studies · 95 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Time to treatment withdrawal ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Partial onset Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention may leads to higher time to treatment withdrawal ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Partial… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.48 [1.1, 1.98]
3 studies · 404 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to 12‐month remission ‐ all participants Range of (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.9 [0.69, 1.19]
4 studies · 599 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Generalised seizures Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.77 [0.46, 1.28]
3 studies · 131 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Partial Onset Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Partial… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.96 [0.7, 1.33]
4 studies · 468 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Time to 6‐month remission ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to 6‐month remission ‐ all participants Range of (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.9 [0.71, 1.14]
4 studies · 599 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Time to 6‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Generalised seizures Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to 6‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Generalised… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.79 [0.51, 1.24]
3 studies · 131 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Time to 6‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Partial onset Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to 6‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Partial… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.94 [0.71, 1.25]
4 studies · 468 participants
Moderate

Flunarizine vs placebo

50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency Number of seizures · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

Flunarizine showed no clear difference in 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency Number of seizures compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.53 [0.59, 3.96]
1 study · 93 participants
High

Flunarizine vs placebo

Treatment withdrawal · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

Flunarizine probably leads to higher treatment withdrawal Number of withdrawals compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.11 [1.73, 29.3]
4 studies · 247 participants
Moderate

Flunarizine vs placebo

Adverse effects ‐ Blurred vision No of patients with blurred vision · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

Flunarizine showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ Blurred vision No of patients with blurred vision compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.09 [0.85, 19.73]
1 study · 93 participants
High

Flunarizine vs placebo

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

Flunarizine showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ Dizziness No of patients with dizziness compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.82 [0.72, 4.61]
1 study · 93 participants
High

Flunarizine vs placebo

Adverse effect: fatigue · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

Flunarizine showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ Fatigue No of patients with fatigue compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.66 [0.59, 4.64]
1 study · 93 participants
High

Flunarizine vs placebo

Irritability · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

Flunarizine showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ Irritability No of patients with irritability compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.07 [0.6, 15.68]
1 study · 93 participants
High