Pain frequency or change in pain frequency · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of pain · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Different… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup (irritable bowel syndrome) Different measures were used to assess improvement in pain, as above. · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in pain was defined and measured differently in the 2 included studies: using a "stomach ache diary" and the Faces Pain Scale (Bieri 1990). · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Fibre showed no clear difference in improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants who developed a new urinary stone · children with idiopathic urinary calculi treated with shockwave lithotripsy
Potassium citrate may leads to lower proportion of participants who developed a new urinary stone compared with no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with adverse events while undergoing intervention · children with idiopathic urinary calculi treated with shockwave lithotripsy
It is very uncertain whether potassium citrate changes proportion of participants with adverse events while undergoing… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Retreatment · children with idiopathic urinary calculi treated with shockwave lithotripsy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serum phosphorus · people with CKD‐MBD
1 finding from 1 review
Serum calcium · people with CKD‐MBD
1 finding from 1 review
Alkaline phosphatase · people with CKD‐MBD
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · people with CKD‐MBD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cardiovascular events · people with CKD‐MBD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Fracture · people with CKD‐MBD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serum phosphorus · people with CKD‐MBD
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · people with CKD‐MBD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cardiovascular events · people with CKD‐MBD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Fracture · people with CKD‐MBD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serum calcium · people with CKD‐MBD
1 finding from 1 review