What do systematic reviews say?

Interventions targeting industrial sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Interventions targeting industrial sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in failed blocks compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).

• The use of ultrasound guidance for perioperative neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  22 studies · 1789 participants
  Moderate

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

• The use of ultrasound guidance for perioperative neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 982 participants
  Moderate

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

• The use of ultrasound guidance for perioperative neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 460 participants
  High

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

• The use of ultrasound guidance for perioperative neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 680 participants
  Moderate

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

• The use of ultrasound guidance for perioperative neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 256 participants
  Very low

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in minor complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (low certainty).

• The use of ultrasound guidance for perioperative neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 896 participants
  Low

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in major complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).

• The use of ultrasound guidance for perioperative neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0
  22 studies · 1576 participants
  Moderate

Nutrition systems strengthening interventions targeting children vs no intervention or standard care to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age, length at 18 months)

Nutrition systems strengthening interventions targeting children may leads to higher length (cm) at 18 months compared with no intervention or standard care to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age,… (low certainty).

• Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 1.068 [0.488, 1.648]
  1 study · 377 participants
  Low

Micronutrient or macronutrient supplementation interventions in children vs no intervention, or placebo to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age, length velocity, and length at 12 months)

• Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 315 participants
  Low

Micronutrient or macronutrient supplementation interventions in children vs no intervention, or placebo to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age, length velocity, and length at 12 months)

It is very uncertain whether micronutrient or macronutrient supplementation interventions in… changes length velocity (cm/month) compared with no intervention, or placebo to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age,… (very low certainty).

• Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.22 [0.02, 0.43]
  1 study · 75 participants
  Very low

Micronutrient or macronutrient supplementation interventions in children vs no intervention, or placebo to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age, length velocity, and length at 12 months)

Micronutrient or macronutrient supplementation interventions in… showed no clear difference in length (cm) at 12 months compared with no intervention, or placebo to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age,… (low certainty).

• Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 2.3
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

TENS vs sham TENS

• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 38 participants
  Very low
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.57 [0.84, 2.92]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

TENS vs sham TENS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

TENS vs sham TENS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Omega‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

Omega‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (longest period reported) compared with placebo or standard nutrition (low certainty).

• Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.59, 1.07]
  10 studies · 1015 participants
  Low

Omega‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

• Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 639 participants
  Very low

Omega‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

• Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 581 participants
  Very low

Omega‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

• Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 659 participants
  Very low