Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,922 questions · 3,118 findings · 513 reviews

No studies found 574 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 372 · 11.9%Very low 723 · 23.2%Low 854 · 27.4%Moderate 489 · 15.7%High 106 · 3.4%

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Caesarean section · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Low birthweight · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in birthweight < 2500 g compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether calcium changes apgar < 7 at 5 minutes compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Pregnancy loss, stillbirth or neonatal death before discharge · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in pregnancy loss, stillbirth or NND before discharge compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed reduction of dialysate temperature vs standard dialysate temperature

Discomfort rate · patients requiring haemodialysis

It is very uncertain whether fixed reduction of dialysate temperature changes discomfort rate compared with standard dialysate temperature (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review