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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,248 questions in 108 reviews · Stroke
current versionsNo studies 275 · 22%Ungraded 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) vs placebo Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end treatment (Analysis 1.1) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.37, 0.68] | 9 studies · 734 participants | Very low |
Psychological therapy vs usual care and/or attention control Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 2.3) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 132 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological therapy vs usual care and/or attention control Psychological distress: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 2.6) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 450 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological therapy vs usual care and/or attention control General Health: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 2.8) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 240 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological therapy vs usual care and/or attention control Social activities: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 2.10) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 690 participants | Very low |
Psychological therapy vs usual care and/or attention control Activities of daily living: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 2.12) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 879 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological therapy vs usual care and/or attention control Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 2.16) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.73, 1.91] | 5 studies · 975 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) vs placebo Scoring above cut‐off points for a depressive disorder at end of treatment (Analysis 1.2) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) vs placebo Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 1.4) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) vs placebo Cognition: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 1.6) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) vs placebo Activities of daily living: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 1.8) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 116 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) vs placebo Disability: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 1.10) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 204 participants | Ungraded |
Pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) vs placebo Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment Analysis 1.12 · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.32, 4.91] | 9 studies · 496 participants | Very low |
Psychological therapy vs usual care and/or attention control Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of treatment (Analysis 2.1) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.49, 0.94] | 2 studies · 607 participants | Very low |
Psychological therapy vs usual care and/or attention control Scoring above cut‐off points for a depressive disorder at end of treatment (Analysis 2.2) · people with stroke Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Oral health care interventions vs usual care Dental plaque (Analysis 1.1) · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 83 participants | Very low |
Oral health care intervention vs placebo Presence of oral disease · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral health care intervention vs placebo Presence of related infection: pneumonia (Analysis 2.1) · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.39 [0.14, 1.09] | 2 studies · 242 participants | Low |
Oral health care intervention vs placebo Stroke survivor and providers' knowledge and attitudes to oral health care · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One oral healthcare intervention vs another oral healthcare intervention Dental plaque (Analysis 3.1) · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Low |
One oral healthcare intervention vs another oral healthcare intervention Denture plaque · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One oral healthcare intervention vs another oral healthcare intervention Presence of oral disease · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One oral healthcare intervention vs another oral healthcare intervention Presence of related infection: pneumonia · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One oral healthcare intervention vs another oral healthcare intervention Stroke survivor and providers' knowledge and attitudes to oral health care · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral health care interventions vs usual care Denture plaque (Analysis 1.3) · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Oral health care interventions vs usual care Presence of oral disease: gingivitis (Analysis 1.4) · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 83 participants | Very low |
Oral health care interventions vs usual care Presence of oral disease: denture‐induced stomatitis (Analysis 1.6) · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Oral health care interventions vs usual care Presence of related infection: pneumonia (Analysis 1.7) · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | OR 4.17 [0.82, 21.11] | 1 study · 204 participants | Low |
Oral health care interventions vs usual care Stroke survivor and providers' knowledge to OHC: knowledge (Analysis 1.8) · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | SMD 0.7 [0.06, 1.35] | 3 studies · 728 participants | Very low |
Oral health care interventions vs usual care Stroke survivor and providers' attitudes to OHC: attitude (Analysis 1.11) · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | SMD 0.28 [0.01, 0.54] | 3 studies · 728 participants | Very low |
Oral health care intervention vs placebo Dental plaque · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral health care intervention vs placebo Denture plaque · adults with stroke Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mental practice in addition to other treatment vs other treatment (± placebo) Mean upper extremity activity · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 397 participants | Moderate |
Mental practice vs conventional therapy Mean quality of life: not reported · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mental practice vs conventional therapy Mean economic costs: not reported · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mental practice vs conventional therapy Mean adverse events: not reported · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mental practice in addition to other treatment vs other treatment (± placebo) Mean upper extremity impairment · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 397 participants | Moderate |
Mental practice in addition to other treatment vs other treatment (± placebo) Mean activities of daily living · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 157 participants | Low |
Mental practice in addition to other treatment vs other treatment (± placebo) Mean quality of Life · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental practice in addition to other treatment vs other treatment (± placebo) Mean economic costs: not reported · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mental practice in addition to other treatment vs other treatment (± placebo) Mean adverse events: not reported · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mental practice vs conventional therapy Mean upper extremity activity · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental practice vs conventional therapy Mean upper extremity impairment · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 50 participants | Low |
Mental practice vs conventional therapy Mean activities of daily living · treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Electromechanical‐ and robot‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs physiotherapy (or usual care) Independent walking (primary outcome) · patients walking after stroke Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | OR 2.01 [1.51, 2.69] | 38 studies · 1572 participants | High |
Electromechanical‐ and robot‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs physiotherapy (or usual care) Mean walking velocity (secondary outcome; metres per second) · patients walking after stroke Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 42 studies · 1600 participants | Low |
Electromechanical‐ and robot‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs physiotherapy (or usual care) Mean walking capacity (secondary outcome; metres walked in 6 minutes) · patients walking after stroke Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 24 studies · 983 participants | Moderate |
Electromechanical‐ and robot‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs physiotherapy (or usual care) Loss to study during intervention phase, dropouts (secondary outcome)Number of dropouts · patients walking after stroke Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 62 studies · 2440 participants | Moderate |
Electromechanical‐ and robot‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs physiotherapy (or usual care) Death from all causes until end of intervention phase (secondary outcome)Number of deaths (from all causes) · patients walking after stroke Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0 | 62 studies · 2440 participants | Moderate |
Iron chelator vs placebo Death from all causes at end of scheduled · adults with acute stroke Iron chelators for acute stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 291 participants | Low |