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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
current versionsNo studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Financial incentives vs usual practice Uptake of HPV vaccineb · adolescents Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 500 participants | Low |
Health education plus financial incentives vs usual practice Uptake of hepatitis B vaccineb · adolescents and parents Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Very low |
Mandatory vaccination vs usual practice Uptake of hepatitis B vaccinea · adolescents Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 2642 participants | Moderate |
Provider prompts vs usual practice Uptake of HPV vaccineb · healthcare workers Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 859 participants | Moderate |
Provider prompts vs usual practice Uptake of Tdap vaccineb · healthcare workers Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 3296 participants | Moderate |
Provider prompts vs usual practice Uptake of meningococcal conjugate vaccineb · healthcare workers Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 3219 participants | Moderate |
Provider prompts vs usual practice Uptake of seasonal influenza vaccineb · healthcare workers Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1439 participants | Moderate |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Data quality · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Information use · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Functioning of the RHIS · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Health provider outcomes · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hand‐held electronic device for collecting TB laboratory information vs a paper‐based system Data quality · health district personnel using a hand‐held PDA electronic data collection tool to improve the quality and timeliness… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hand‐held electronic device for collecting TB laboratory information vs a paper‐based system Length of time to report TB culture test results · health district personnel using a hand‐held PDA electronic data collection tool to improve the quality and timeliness… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6153 participants | Moderate |
Hand‐held electronic device for collecting TB laboratory information vs a paper‐based system Length of time to report TB smear test results · health district personnel using a hand‐held PDA electronic data collection tool to improve the quality and timeliness… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6226 participants | Moderate |
Hand‐held electronic device for collecting TB laboratory information vs a paper‐based system Recording errorsd · health district personnel using a hand‐held PDA electronic data collection tool to improve the quality and timeliness… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.41 [0.26, 0.65] | 1 study · 2082 participants | Moderate |
Hand‐held electronic device for collecting TB laboratory information vs a paper‐based system Recording errors: misidentification errorse · health district personnel using a hand‐held PDA electronic data collection tool to improve the quality and timeliness… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.14 [0.02, 1.2] | 1 study · 2082 participants | Very low |
Hand‐held electronic device for collecting TB laboratory information vs a paper‐based system Service quality · health district personnel using a hand‐held PDA electronic data collection tool to improve the quality and timeliness… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hand‐held electronic device for collecting TB laboratory information vs a paper‐based system Information use · health district personnel using a hand‐held PDA electronic data collection tool to improve the quality and timeliness… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Length of time to report TB culture test results · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.68 [0.65, 0.72] | 1 study · 1671 participants | Moderate |
Hand‐held electronic device for collecting TB laboratory information vs a paper‐based system Functioning of the RHIS · health district personnel using a hand‐held PDA electronic data collection tool to improve the quality and timeliness… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hand‐held electronic device for collecting TB laboratory information vs a paper‐based system Health provider outcomes · health district personnel using a hand‐held PDA electronic data collection tool to improve the quality and timeliness… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic hospital health information system vs a paper‐based health information system Service quality · electronic hospital health information to improve hospital functioning Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic hospital health information system vs a paper‐based health information system Length of time outpatients spend at hospital · electronic hospital health information to improve hospital functioning Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 participants | Very low |
Electronic hospital health information system vs a paper‐based health information system Length of hospital stay · electronic hospital health information to improve hospital functioning Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 participants | Very low |
Electronic hospital health information system vs a paper‐based health information system Revenue collection · electronic hospital health information to improve hospital functioning Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 participants | Very low |
Electronic hospital health information system vs a paper‐based health information system Data quality · electronic hospital health information to improve hospital functioning Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic hospital health information system vs a paper‐based health information system Information use · electronic hospital health information to improve hospital functioning Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic hospital health information system vs a paper‐based health information system Functioning of the RHIS · electronic hospital health information to improve hospital functioning Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic hospital health information system vs a paper‐based health information system Health provider outcomes · electronic hospital health information to improve hospital functioning Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Length of time to report TB drug susceptibility test results · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.67 [0.62, 0.72] | 1 study · 1671 participants | Moderate |
High‐intensity brief text messaging (SMS) vs low‐intensity brief text messaging Data quality · Community health care workers, known as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) (n = 156) associated with 30 health… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐intensity brief text messaging (SMS) vs low‐intensity brief text messaging Documenting of matched pregnancy outcome data · Community health care workers, known as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) (n = 156) associated with 30 health… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.63, 1.38] | 1 study · 10934 participants | Low |
High‐intensity brief text messaging (SMS) vs low‐intensity brief text messaging Service quality · Community health care workers, known as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) (n = 156) associated with 30 health… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐intensity brief text messaging (SMS) vs low‐intensity brief text messaging Information use · Community health care workers, known as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) (n = 156) associated with 30 health… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐intensity brief text messaging (SMS) vs low‐intensity brief text messaging Functioning of the RHIS · Community health care workers, known as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) (n = 156) associated with 30 health… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐intensity brief text messaging (SMS) vs low‐intensity brief text messaging Health provider outcomes · Community health care workers, known as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) (n = 156) associated with 30 health… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic drug stock notification system with data management support vs paper‐based stock notification Service quality · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic drug stock notification system with data management support vs paper‐based stock notification Functioning bicycles for transporting stock · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 132 participants | Very low |
Electronic drug stock notification system with data management support vs paper‐based stock notification Health surveillance assistants with all 3 products in stock · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 484 participants | Very low |
Electronic drug stock notification system with data management support vs paper‐based stock notification Health surveillance assistants with all 4 products in stock · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 484 participants | Very low |
Web‐based electronic TB laboratory information system vs a paper‐based system Recording errors of TB culture test results (Overall) · health‐district‐wide electronic TB laboratory information system for improving the timeliness of test results and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.13 [0.07, 0.24] | 1 study · 1195 participants | Moderate |
Electronic drug stock notification system with data management support vs paper‐based stock notification Data quality · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic drug stock notification system with data management support vs paper‐based stock notification Information use · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic drug stock notification system with data management support vs paper‐based stock notification Functioning of the RHIS · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic drug stock notification system with data management support vs paper‐based stock notification Health provider outcomes · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic drug stock notification system with product transport support vs paper‐based stock notification Service quality · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electronic drug stock notification system with product transport support vs paper‐based stock notification Functioning bicycles for transporting stock · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 136 participants | Very low |
Electronic drug stock notification system with product transport support vs paper‐based stock notification Health surveillance assistants with all 3 products in stock · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 326 participants | Very low |
Electronic drug stock notification system with product transport support vs paper‐based stock notification Health surveillance assistants with all 4 products in stock · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 326 participants | Very low |
Electronic drug stock notification system with product transport support vs paper‐based stock notification Data quality · community‐based health care workers, known in Malawi as Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) managing medicines and… Routine Health Information System (RHIS) improvements for strengthened health system management (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |