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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,550 questions · 1,617 findings · 161 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 238 · 14.7%GRADE not reported 76 · 4.7%Very low 377 · 23.3%Low 567 · 35.1%Moderate 285 · 17.6%High 74 · 4.6%

Summary of findings table ‐ Early developmental intervention programmes vs standard follow‐up

Motor outcome at school age (Griffiths Locomotor, MABC) · preterm infants
2 findings from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Pulmonary air leak · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

It is very uncertain whether surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) changes pulmonary air leak, any (during first hospitalisation) Anytime to… compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

It is very uncertain whether surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) changes intraventricular haemorrhage grade III and IV Anytime to discharge compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

It is very uncertain whether surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) changes death (all causes) during the first hospitalisation Anytime to… compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Neurosensory disability in survivors · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with no surfactant administration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Need for mechanical ventilation · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) probably leads to lower mechanical ventilation at any time At any time to discharge compared with no surfactant administration (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Pulmonary air leak · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in pulmonary air leak, any (during first hospitalisation) Anytime to… compared with no surfactant administration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (clinical definition) among survivors compared with no surfactant administration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Need for mechanical ventilation · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) may leads to lower mechanical ventilation at any time Any time to discharge compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review