What do systematic reviews say?

Interventions for involving patients in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

• Shared decision‐making interventions for people with mental health conditions 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 534 participants
  Low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

• Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 708 participants
  Moderate

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

• Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 63 participants
  Very low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

• Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 457 participants
  Low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

• Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 611 participants
  Low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

• Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 457 participants
  Very low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

• Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 457 participants
  Low

Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo

• Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 121 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings for exercise plus education vs control

• Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 305 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs control

• Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 951 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 552 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 6 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 786 participants
  Very low

Skin care intervention vs standard skin care or no skin care intervention

Skin care intervention showed no clear difference in parent report of immediate reaction to common food allergen (at 2… compared with standard skin care or no skin care intervention (low certainty).

• Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [1, 1.61]
  1 study · 1171 participants
  Low

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in postoperative pain intensity in the immediate postobturation period… compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (low certainty).

• Single versus multiple visits for endodontic treatment of permanent teeth 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 72 hours postobturation
  MD 0.26 [-4.76, 5.29]
  12 studies · 1258 participants
  Low

Prior SDF application with a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)

Prior SDF followed by a rinsing step significantly increases adhesive bond strength to caries-affected dentin (MD -4.79 MPa favoring SDF, 95% CI -9.19 to -0.40; ungraded).

• Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Immediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Caries-affected dentin (with rinsing step)
  MD -4.79 [-9.19, -0.40]
  3 studies · 72 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prior SDF application without a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)

Only one study assessed SDF without a rinsing step on adhesive bonding to caries-affected dentin (Kucukyilmaz 2016, which reported impaired bond strength); no meta-analysis was possible, so no pooled estimate is available.

• Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Immediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Caries-affected dentin (without rinsing step)
  no estimate extracted
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Early discharge vs standard discharge

• Early postnatal discharge from hospital for healthy mothers and term infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1011 participants
  Low

Prism adaptation training vs control

It is very uncertain whether prism adaptation training changes activities of daily living: immediate effects compared with any control (very low certainty).

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for spatial neglect or inattention following stroke and other non‐progressive brain… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.2
  5 studies · 158 participants
  Very low

Prism adaptation training vs control

It is very uncertain whether prism adaptation training changes neglect outcomes: immediate effects compared with any control (very low certainty).

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for spatial neglect or inattention following stroke and other non‐progressive brain… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.28
  5 studies · 154 participants
  Very low