Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,097 questions · 3,266 findings · 631 reviews

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No studies found 430 · 13.2%GRADE not reported 193 · 5.9%Very low 995 · 30.5%Low 904 · 27.7%Moderate 591 · 18.1%High 153 · 4.7%

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Weight gain · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Linear growth (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO)

Treatment failure rate · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO)

Pain · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

1 finding from 1 review

Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 216 participants
Low

Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO)

Function · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

1 finding from 1 review

Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 216 participants
Low

Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO)

Health‐related quality of life measures · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO)

Serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.49 [0.64, 9.75]
4 studies · 265 participants
Low

Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO)

All‐cause mortality · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO)

Reoperation rate · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) may leads to higher reoperation rate compared with closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.58 [1.49, 4.45]
4 studies · 224 participants
Low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Mortality before hospital discharge · patients with ALI and ARDS

High levels of PEEP showed no clear difference in mortality before hospital discharge compared with low levels of PEEP (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.04]
7 studies · 3640 participants
Moderate

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Oxygen efficiency (PaO2/FiO2) day 1 postoperative · patients with ALI and ARDS

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2594 participants
Low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Oxygen efficiency (PaO2/FiO2) day 3 postoperative · patients with ALI and ARDS

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2309 participants
Low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Oxygen efficiency (PaO2/FIO2). Day 7 · patients with ALI and ARDS

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1611 participants
Moderate

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Barotrauma · patients with ALI and ARDS

High levels of PEEP showed no clear difference in barotrauma compared with low levels of PEEP (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.64, 1.57]
9 studies · 3791 participants
Low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Ventilator‐free days up to day 28 · patients with ALI and ARDS

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1654 participants
Low

High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula

Underweight · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed term infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1629 participants
Very low

High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula

Stunting · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed term infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1629 participants
Very low

High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula

Wasting · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed term infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1629 participants
Very low