Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

313 questions · 319 findings · 81 reviews

No studies found 97 · 30.4%GRADE not reported 20 · 6.3%Very low 98 · 30.7%Low 66 · 20.7%Moderate 32 · 10%High 6 · 1.9%

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events during treatment period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in any adverse events during the study period compared with placebo or standard of care alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine showed no clear difference in presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine changes presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs prilocaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs prilocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs ropivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs ropivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment vs treatment until neutropenia resolution

Bacteraemia · febrile neutropenia

It is very uncertain whether early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment changes any bacteraemia compared with treatment until neutropenia resolution (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving study early: any reason compared with OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: 1. any reason, long term (>12 months) compared with QUETIAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months)

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason compared with ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adverse effects. 1. Movement disorders ‐ any extrapyramidal compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving the study early ‒ any reason compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants who received additional medical consultant (for any reasons) · Women undergoing excision of the cervical transformation zone for cervical neoplasia

The intervention showed no clear difference in number of participants who received additional medical consultant… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review