Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,805 questions · 2,912 findings · 307 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 706 · 24.2%GRADE not reported 133 · 4.6%Very low 786 · 27%Low 696 · 23.9%Moderate 474 · 16.3%High 117 · 4%

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Longer self‐certification vs shorter self‐certification

CBA: Average lost work time per 100 person‐years · workers
2 findings from 1 review

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control

Cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 2 years · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) probably leads to lower cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 2 years compared with control (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Ty21a vaccine (three doses) vs control

Cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 2.5 to 3 years · adults and children aged 5 years of age and older

Ty21a vaccine (three doses) probably leads to lower cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 2.5 to 3 years compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) vs control

Cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 2.5 to 3 years · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) may leads to lower cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 2.5 to 3 years compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medication reconciliation interventions vs usual care

Hospital usage (composite measure of ED, rehospitalisation) · all patients (aged > 18 years) at a transition of care

It is very uncertain whether medication reconciliation interventions changes hospital usage (composite measure of ED, rehospitalisation) compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of serious adverse events (total) Average study duration (range): not stated · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of serious adverse… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Withdrawal of methylphenidate due to serious adverse events (non‐comparative cohort studies) Measured by: proportion of participants withdrawn from treatment Average study duration (range): 7.9 months (1 month to 37 months) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD
1 finding from 1 review