What do systematic reviews say?

High vs low stimulation

High showed no clear difference in paraesthesias compared with low stimulation (moderate certainty).

• Vagus nerve stimulation for focal seizures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.39, 1.53]
  2 studies · 312 participants
  Moderate

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

• Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether risedronate 5 mg/day changes non‐vertebral fractures compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.22, 1.35]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

• Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

Risedronate 5 mg/day showed no clear difference in wrist fractures compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.48 [0.03, 7.5]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

Risedronate 5 mg/day showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.38, 1.18]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether risedronate 5 mg/day changes serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.42, 1.3]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Outpatient vs inpatient treatment

• Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 453 participants
  Low
• Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.98]
  2 studies · 453 participants
  Low

Outpatient vs inpatient treatment

Outpatient showed no clear difference in long‐term all‐cause mortality compared with inpatient treatment (low certainty).

• Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.06, 15.58]
  2 studies · 451 participants
  Low

Outpatient vs inpatient treatment

Outpatient showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with inpatient treatment (low certainty).

• Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.91 [0.24, 101.57]
  2 studies · 445 participants
  Low
• Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 6.88 [0.36, 132.14]
  2 studies · 445 participants
  Low

Outpatient vs inpatient treatment

Outpatient showed no clear difference in minor bleeding compared with inpatient treatment (low certainty).

• Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.07, 16.79]
  1 study · 106 participants
  Low

Outpatient vs inpatient treatment

Outpatient may leads to higher recurrent PE compared with inpatient treatment (low certainty).

• Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.95
  2 studies · 445 participants
  Low

Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse

Letrozole with or without adjuncts leads to higher live birth rate compared with SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse (high certainty).

• Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.72 [1.4, 2.11]
  11 studies · 2060 participants
  High

Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse

Letrozole with or without adjuncts showed no clear difference in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rate compared with SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse (high certainty).

• Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1848 participants
  High

Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse

Letrozole with or without adjuncts leads to higher clinical pregnancy rate compared with SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse (high certainty).

• Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.69 [1.45, 1.98]
  23 studies · 3321 participants
  High

Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse

Letrozole with or without adjuncts showed no clear difference in miscarriage rate per pregnancy compared with SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse (high certainty).

• Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.66, 1.32]
  15 studies · 736 participants
  High

Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse

Letrozole with or without adjuncts showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate compared with SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse (high certainty).

• Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.42, 1.32]
  14 studies · 2247 participants
  High

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether combined steroid and antibiotic therapy changes complete resolution of endophthalmitis at 3 months' compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.8, 1.45]
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy may leads to higher visual acuity 6/6 to 6/18 at 3 months' compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

• Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.95 [1.05, 3.6]
  2 studies · 60 participants
  Low
• Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.92, 1.37]
  2 studies · 195 participants
  Low