Severe perineal/vaginal trauma · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective may leads to lower severe perineal/vaginal trauma compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Blood loss at delivery · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
1 finding from 1 review
Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal infection · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective showed no clear difference in perineal infection compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
It is very uncertain whether selective changes women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults and paediatric patients with dermal laceration
5 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1006 participants
Low
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 530 participants
Low
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 543 participants
Low
Show 2 more findings
Anaesthetic‐related adverse effects · adults and paediatric patients with dermal laceration
Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics led to lower anaesthetic‐related adverse effects compared with infiltrated local anaesthetics or other topical agents; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
All‐cause mortality Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality Median (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
ASCVD event, such as fatal or non‐fatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
The intervention showed no clear difference in ASCVD event, such as fatal or non‐fatal myocardial infarction or… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Any investigator‐defined adverse event Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
The intervention probably leads to higher any investigator‐defined adverse event Median (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Total cholesterol, mmol/L Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adherence, variable definitions Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
The intervention probably leads to higher adherence, variable definitions Median (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any measure of knowledge and attitude · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Any outcome considered an adverse effect · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Calls to smoking quit lines, during campaign · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage
1 finding from 1 review