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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,558 questions in 115 reviews · Vascular
current versionsNo studies 346 · 22.2%Ungraded 90 · 5.8%Very low 281 · 18%Low 477 · 30.6%Moderate 313 · 20.1%High 51 · 3.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection Bruise incidence ‐ 60 hours after injection · patients treated with subcutaneous heparin injections Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.25 [0.1, 0.65] | 2 studies · 84 participants | Low |
Compression stockings vs no treatment or placebo stockings Change in symptoms (ranging from 1 week to 3 months) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 232 participants | Low |
Compression stockings vs compression stockings Compliance (ranging from 6 weeks to 6 months) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 467 participants | Low |
Compression stockings vs compression stockings Comfort, tolerance and acceptability of wearing stockings (ranging from 3 weeks to 6 months) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 578 participants | Very low |
Compression stockings vs compression stockings Quality of life · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Compression stockings vs no treatment or placebo stockings Physiological measures (1 week) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 90 participants | Very low |
Compression stockings vs no treatment or placebo stockings Complications (1 week, 4 weeks and up to 6 weeks' postpartumc) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 148 participants | Very low |
Compression stockings vs no treatment or placebo stockings Compliance (1 week and up to 6 weeks' postpartumc) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 136 participants | Low |
Compression stockings vs no treatment or placebo stockings Comfort, tolerance and acceptability of wearing stockings (1 week and up to 6 weeks' postpartumc) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 106 participants | Very low |
Compression stockings vs no treatment or placebo stockings Quality of life (3 months) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Compression stockings vs compression stockings Change in symptoms (ranging from 3 weeks to 6 months) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 616 participants | Low |
Compression stockings vs compression stockings Physiological measures (ranging from 15 minutes to 8 weeks) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 141 participants | Very low |
Compression stockings vs compression stockings Complications (ranging from 15 minutes to 6 months) · people with varicose veins without venous ulceration Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 541 participants | Low |
CHIVA vs stripping Recurrence of varicose veins · people with CVI (CEAP 2–6) CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.46, 1.2] | 5 studies · 966 participants | Low |
CHIVA vs stripping Side effects – bruises · people with CVI (CEAP 2–6) CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 646 participants | Ungraded |
CHIVA vs stripping Side effects – limb infection · people with CVI (CEAP 2–6) CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.33, 2.1] | 3 studies · 746 participants | Low |
CHIVA vs stripping Side effects – superficial vein thrombosis · people with CVI (CEAP 2–6) CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.51, 2.17] | 4 studies · 846 participants | Low |
CHIVA vs stripping Side effects – nerve injury · people with CVI (CEAP 2–6) CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.02, 0.98] | 4 studies · 846 participants | Low |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Absolute claudication distance (MWD + PWT) (in meters) · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1121 participants | Moderate |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs L‐carnitine Progression of disease (to Fontaine stage III or IV or necessity for intervention (endovascular or surgery)) · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs L‐carnitine Side effects of propionyl‐L‐carnitine regimen · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs L‐carnitine Ankle brachial index · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Initial claudication distance (PFWD + COT) (in meters) · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1151 participants | Moderate |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Quality of life · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 126 participants | Moderate |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Progression of disease (to Fontaine stage III or IV, or necessity for intervention (endovascular or surgery)) · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 485 participants | Low |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Side effects of propionyl‐L‐carnitine regimen · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1303 participants | Moderate |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Ankle brachial index (ABI) · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 369 participants | Moderate |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs L‐carnitine Absolute claudication distance (in meters) · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs L‐carnitine Initial claudication distance (in meters) · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs L‐carnitine Quality of life · people with intermittent claudication Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach Mortality · people with AAA Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.01, 8.25] | 3 studies · 110 participants | Very low |
Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach Complications: hematoma · people with AAA Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.9 [0.13, 6.48] | 2 studies · 75 participants | Very low |
Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach Complications: abdominal wall hernia · people with AAA Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2021) · Cochrane | OR 10.76 [0.55, 211.78] | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach Complications: chronic wound pain · people with AAA Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.2 [0.36, 13.34] | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach ICU stay (hrs) recorded at end of ICU stay · people with AAA Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 106 participants | Low |
Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach Hospital stay (days) recorded at end of hospital stay · people with AAA Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 152 participants | Low |
Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach Blood loss (mL) recorded after operation · people with AAA Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 129 participants | Very low |
Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach Aortic cross‐clamp time (minutes) recorded after operation · people with AAA Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 129 participants | Very low |
Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach Operating time (minutes) recorded after operation · people with AAA Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 129 participants | Very low |
Extensive tests vs tests at the physician's discretion All‐cause mortality1 · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard testing plus PET/CT scanning vs standard testing alone Cancer‐related mortality3 · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.55 [0.2, 1.52] | 2 studies · 1248 participants | Moderate |
Standard testing plus PET/CT scanning vs standard testing alone VTE‐related mortality4 · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard testing plus PET/CT scanning vs standard testing alone VTE‐related morbidity5 · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.02 [0.48, 2.17] | 1 study · 854 participants | Moderate |
Standard testing plus PET/CT scanning vs standard testing alone Stage of cancer ‐ early · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.78 [0.51, 6.17] | 1 study · 394 participants | Low |
Standard testing plus PET/CT scanning vs standard testing alone Stage of cancer ‐ advanced · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.14, 7.17] | 1 study · 394 participants | Low |
Standard testing plus PET/CT scanning vs standard testing alone Time to cancer diagnosis7 · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 854 participants | Ungraded |
Standard testing plus PET/CT scanning vs standard testing alone Frequency of an underlying cancer diagnosis8 · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.71 [0.91, 3.2] | 2 studies · 1248 participants | Moderate |
Extensive tests vs tests at the physician's discretion Cancer‐related mortality2 · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.49 [0.15, 1.67] | 2 studies · 396 participants | Low |
Extensive tests vs tests at the physician's discretion VTE‐related mortality4 · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Extensive tests vs tests at the physician's discretion VTE‐related morbidity5 · people with unprovoked VTE Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |