Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

670 questions · 695 findings · 72 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 160 · 23%GRADE not reported 58 · 8.3%Very low 291 · 41.9%Low 148 · 21.3%Moderate 35 · 5%High 3 · 0.4%

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 1.14) · people with stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment Analysis 1.12 compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs control

All‐cause mortality ‐ short‐term · health problem or population

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment changes all‐cause mortality ‐ short‐term compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs control

Cardiovascular mortality · health problem or population

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality ‐ long‐term compared with control; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Total mortalityDeaths · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in total mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Cardiac mortalityDeaths · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation may leads to lower cardiac mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Non‐fatal MI · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in non‐fatal MI compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Revascularisation (CABG and PCI combined) · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in revascularisation (CABG and PCI combined) compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke
1 finding from 1 review