Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,348 questions · 1,514 findings · 111 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 287 · 19%GRADE not reported 823 · 54.4%Very low 243 · 16.1%Low 104 · 6.9%Moderate 49 · 3.2%High 8 · 0.5%

Any of the interventions (CR, SE, SW, sealing with sealant materials, Hall Technique, or NRCC) vs Each other, placebo, or no treatment

Subjective evaluation of the treatments by participants · Children and/or adults with permanent or primary teeth, vital (sensitive) pulps, and cavitated or dentine carious lesions conventionally…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating cavitated or dentine carious lesions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
We found no studies reporting subjective evaluation of the treatments by participants.
0 studies
No studies found

In-office laser therapy (all types combined) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile stimuli · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

It is very uncertain whether in-office laser therapy (all types combined) changes changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile… compared with placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (more than 2 months)
MD -3.52 [-10.37, 3.33]
2 studies · 184 participants
Very low
Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Medium term (24 hours to 2 months)
MD -1.73 [-3.17, -0.30]
9 studies · 591 participants
Very low
Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (0 to 24 hours)
MD -0.67 [-1.31, -0.03]
8 studies · 506 participants
Low

Nd:YAG laser vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile stimuli · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

Nd:YAG laser (neodymium-doped:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) showed no clear difference in changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile… compared with placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (0 to 24 hours)
MD -0.25 [-0.91, 0.41]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Medium term (24 hours to 2 months)
MD -1.06 [-2.15, 0.03]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Infectious complications · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… may leads to lower postsurgical infectious complications compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
1st to 14th day
RR 0.34 [0.19, 0.64]
12 studies · 1728 participants
Low

Diode laser, near infrared (700 nm to 850 nm) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile stimuli · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

Diode laser, near infrared (700 nm to 850 nm) showed no clear difference in changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile… compared with placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Medium term (24 hours to 2 months)
MD -0.68 [-3.57, 2.21]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (0 to 24 hours)
MD 0.27 [-0.60, 1.14]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Swelling (7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes swelling (7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
7th day
RR 0.80 [0.50, 1.27]
4 studies · 452 participants
Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes pain (continuous, VAS 0-10 cm, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
6th to 7th day
MD -0.26 [-0.59, 0.07]
4 studies · 422 participants
Very low

Er:YAG laser (erbium-doped:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Outcome not reported · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
We did not find any eligible study to evaluate erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) or carbon dioxide (CO2) laser compared with placebo/no treatment.
0 studies
No studies found

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Pain (dichotomous, present/absent on 6th-7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes presence of pain (dichotomous, yes/no on 6th-7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
6th to 7th day
RR 0.59 [0.31, 1.12]
3 studies · 675 participants
Very low

Diode laser, visible red (630 nm to 700 nm) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through air blast stimuli · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

Diode laser, visible red (630 nm to 700 nm) led to lower changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through air blast… compared with placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (0 to 24 hours)
MD -1.95 [-3.14, -0.76]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (more than 2 months)
MD 0.81 [-0.78, 2.40]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Medium term (24 hours to 2 months)
MD -1.45 [-4.35, 1.44]
4 studies
GRADE not reported

CO2 laser (carbon dioxide) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Outcome not reported · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
We did not find any eligible study to evaluate erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) or carbon dioxide (CO2) laser compared with placebo/no treatment.
0 studies
No studies found

Gum chewing (sugar-free) vs Pooled controls: no gum, placebo/control gum, probiotic, or fluoride varnish

Streptococcus mutans load in the oral cavity (saliva and/or dental plaque) · Adults and children (general population)

In a sensitivity analysis assuming a 0.95 baseline-to-endpoint correlation for the sugar-free gum arm, the effect remained significant (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.30; 13 trials, I2 73%); certainty not formally graded.

2 findings from 1 review

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans. 2021 All outcomes
Final/end-of-study time point (follow-up 2 weeks to 18 months) · Schools, kindergartens, universities and community settings; adults and children; multiple countries · Sensitivity analysis: baseline-to-endpoint correlation 0.95 for SFG arm
SMD -0.55 [-0.80, -0.30]
13 studies · 1335 participants
GRADE not reported
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans. 2021 All outcomes
Final/end-of-study time point (follow-up 2 weeks to 18 months) · Schools, kindergartens, universities and community settings; adults and children; multiple countries · Overall (vs all controls)
SMD -0.42 [-0.60, -0.25]
13 studies · 1335 participants
GRADE not reported

Er,Cr:YSGG laser (erbium,chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile stimuli · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

Er,Cr:YSGG laser (erbium,chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet) showed no clear difference in changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile… compared with placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Medium term (24 hours to 2 months)
MD 0.38 [-0.13, 0.89]
1 study
GRADE not reported

In-office laser therapy (all types combined) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Patient-reported quality of life · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Outcome not measured in any of the included studies
0 studies
No studies found

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Adverse effects · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
1st to 7th day
RR 1.46 [0.81, 2.64]
8 studies · 1277 participants
Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
7th day
RR 0.77 [0.42, 1.41]
3 studies · 199 participants
Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs Placebo

Outcome not reported · Immunosuppressed / immunocompromised patients (e.g. HIV infection, AIDS, diabetes, transplants) undergoing tooth extraction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies: none of the 23 included trials evaluated tooth extraction in immunocompromised patients; subgroup analysis based on immune status was not possible as no such studies were identified.
0 studies
No studies found

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Fever · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes fever (6th-7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
6th to 7th day
RR 0.66 [0.24, 1.79]
4 studies · 475 participants
Very low

Xylitol-only sugar-free chewing gum vs Pooled controls: no gum, placebo/control gum, probiotic, or fluoride varnish

Streptococcus mutans load in the oral cavity (saliva and/or dental plaque) · Adults and children (general population)

Xylitol-only sugar-free gum significantly reduced Streptococcus mutans load versus pooled controls (SMD -0.46, 95% CI -0.64 to -0.28; 12 trials, I2 43%); certainty not formally graded.

1 finding from 1 review

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans. 2021 All outcomes
Final/end-of-study time point (follow-up 2 weeks to 18 months) · Schools, kindergartens, universities and community settings; adults and children; multiple countries · Overall (vs all controls)
SMD -0.46 [-0.64, -0.28]
12 studies · 1295 participants
GRADE not reported

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs Placebo

Outcome not reported · Patients undergoing tooth extraction for severe dental caries or periodontal disease in general dental practice (non-third-molar / decayed…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies in general dental practice for removal of decayed teeth. PUB3 added one routine intra-alveolar extraction trial and one complex oral surgery trial (2 of 23 non-third-molar), but the single intra-alveolar…
0 studies
No studies found