Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity
The intervention showed no clear difference in composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.31 [0.08, 1.13]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
IL-1β level · People who use electronic cigarettes
The review reports no significant e-cigarette effect on salivary IL-1β.
3 findings from 1 review
Cohen's d 0.87 [-0.33, 2.08]
9 studies
GRADE not reported
Cohen's d 0.98 [-0.03, 1.99]
11 studies
GRADE not reported
Cohen's d 1.58 [-0.79, 3.94]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Mean DMFT in 12-year-olds rises as national income falls: 0.90 (very high income), 2.38 (high income), 3.30 (middle income) (Figure 2); not GRADE-rated.
3 findings from 1 review
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Very high income (GNI >$25,000)
MEAN 0.90 [0.66, 1.15]
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · High income (GNI $15,001-25,000)
MEAN 2.38 [1.78, 2.97]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Middle income (GNI <=$15,000)
MEAN 3.30 [2.57, 4.03]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 6.64 [4.83, 9.11]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Lacunar stroke · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis was associated with modestly higher odds of lacunar stroke (OR 1.24); ungraded MR, though the FDR-adjusted P was 0.064 for the primary IVW-FE method (ML-adjusted P 0.037).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.24 [1.03, 1.49]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Salivary / secretory IgA (SIgA) antibody response (immunogenicity) · Animal caries models (mice, rats, hamsters) challenged/colonized with Streptococcus mutans; one transgenic-plant antigen-expression system
Anticaries vaccines, particularly via mucosal (intranasal) routes, elicited increased salivary/secretory IgA responses in the animal studies (ungraded narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 3.87 [2.18, 6.86]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Adults aged 18 years or older with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure
Permanent restoration after more than 14 days was associated with a pooled success rate of 23.2%.
1 finding from 1 review
Mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth) · school‐age children and adolescents
Theory-based interventions showed no significant effect on DMFT scores (SMD -0.11; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 30.92 [8.85, 108.02]
10 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 6.31 [4.73, 8.42]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
detection of proximal caries · primary teeth with proximal caries
No eligible in vitro studies of primary teeth with proximal caries were found.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin
The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.59 [1.59, 4.22]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 3.49 [1.30, 9.36]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.07 [2.85, 5.81]
10 studies
GRADE not reported
Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · Children (aged 3-11 y) with cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth
At 6 months, ART had significantly higher treatment success than placebo (OR 16.18).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 16.18 [1.21, 215.73]
44 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Mean DMFT was higher in high-HDI (3.41) than very-high-HDI (1.73) countries (ANOVA p<.01); descriptive country-level means only, not meta-analyzed or GRADE-rated.
2 findings from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 11.43 [7.88, 16.56]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Older adults in higher-HDI countries had better OHRQoL (high 79.9, 95% CI 74.4 to 85.5; very high 78.4, 95% CI 71.1 to 85.8) than those in medium-HDI countries (63.5, 95% CI 54.3 to 72.7); the difference by HDI was statistically significant (ungraded).
3 findings from 1 review
MEAN 79.9 [74.4, 85.5]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 63.5 [54.3, 72.7]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 78.4 [71.1, 85.8]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Periodontal health status · school‐age children and adolescents
Theory-based interventions significantly improved periodontal health (SMD -1.18; moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review