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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,410 questions · 8,901 findings · 1,091 reviews

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No studies found 1,687 · 19%GRADE not reported 1,469 · 16.5%Very low 1,969 · 22.1%Low 2,060 · 23.1%Moderate 1,302 · 14.6%High 414 · 4.7%

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Individualised pressure ulcer education and monthly structured telephone follow‐up vs standard pressure ulcer education and monthly mail or telephone follow‐up

Proportion of participants developing a new ulcer · s

It is very uncertain whether individualised pressure ulcer education and monthly structured… changes proportion of participants developing a new ulcer (24 months) compared with standard pressure ulcer education and monthly mail or telephone… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individualised pressure ulcer education and monthly structured telephone follow‐up vs standard pressure ulcer education and quarterly mail or telephone follow‐up,

Proportion of participants developing a new ulcer · s

It is very uncertain whether individualised pressure ulcer education and monthly structured… changes proportion of participants developing a new ulcer (24 months) compared with standard pressure ulcer education and quarterly mail or telephone… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Hypersensitivity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… probably leads to higher hypersensitivity compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Pancreatitis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… probably leads to higher pancreatitis compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Thromboembolism · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Osteonecrosis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… showed no clear difference in osteonecrosis compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Asparaginase‐associated toxicity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… probably leads to higher asparaginase‐associated toxicity compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Overall survival · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Event‐free survival · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… showed no clear difference in event‐free survival compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Annual decline in percentage of caries-free participants (permanent dentition, D3) · Children and adolescents (permanent dentition, D3, up to 21 y), Western or comparable populations

For low baseline caries experience, the annual decline in caries-free participants ranged 4.3% to 10.2% (9 studies; ungraded).

3 findings from 1 review
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Annual (studies with >=3 y follow-up) · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations) · Baseline caries experience: low
    4.3% to 10.2%
    9 studies · 4811 participants
    GRADE not reported
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Annual (studies with >=3 y follow-up) · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations)
    0.8% to 10.2%
    18 studies · 12017 participants
    GRADE not reported
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Annual (studies with >=3 y follow-up) · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations) · Baseline caries experience: high
    0.8% to 2.2%
    2 studies · 5029 participants
    GRADE not reported

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Annual increment in DMFT (permanent dentition) · Children and adolescents (permanent dentition, D3, up to 21 y), Western or comparable populations

In the permanent dentition, the annual DMFT increment ranged from 0.06 to 0.73 across 14 studies, and was higher where baseline caries experience was higher (descriptive range; ungraded).

2 findings from 1 review

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Caries development in permanent teeth · Children and adolescents (permanent dentition, D3, up to 21 y), Western or comparable populations

In the permanent dentition, the annual DMFS increment ranged from 0.07 to 1.77 across 26 studies, and was higher where baseline caries experience was higher (descriptive range; ungraded).

2 findings from 1 review

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Dental caries: dmfs increment (primary teeth) · Children (primary dentition, d3), Western or comparable populations

In the primary dentition, the annual dmfs increment ranged from -1.0 to 1.0 across 7 studies; values were inconsistent because of tooth exfoliation and could not be pooled (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Annual decline in percentage of caries-free children (primary dentition, d3) · Children (primary dentition, d3), Western or comparable populations

In the primary dentition, the annual decline in the percentage of caries-free children ranged from 3.8% to 12.2% across 6 studies (descriptive range, no pooled estimate; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Caries incidence rate (first D3 lesion) per person-year at risk (permanent dentition) · Children and adolescents (permanent dentition, D3, up to 21 y), Western or comparable populations

In the permanent dentition, the pooled caries incidence rate was 0.11 per person-year at risk (95% CI 0.09 to 0.13; random-effects meta-analysis of 15 studies), i.e., about 11 of every 100 caries-free persons develop dentine caries each year (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Per person-year at risk · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations)
    Incidence rate (per person-year at risk) 0.11 [0.09, 0.13]
    15 studies · 10768 participants
    GRADE not reported

Xylitol (low-intensity sweetener/sugar alcohol) in food products (chewing gum, milk, candy, or tablets) vs Sorbitol (low-intensity sweetener)

Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) count in saliva · healthy people

Xylitol and sorbitol did not differ significantly for Mutans streptococci in saliva (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.44 to 0.12; 2 trials, P=.25); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Xylitol (low-intensity sweetener/sugar alcohol) in food products (chewing gum, milk, candy, or tablets) vs Sorbitol (low-intensity sweetener)

Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) count in dental plaque · healthy people

Xylitol reduced Mutans streptococci in dental plaque more than sorbitol (SMD -0.45, 95% CI -0.69 to -0.21; 4 trials, I2=7%); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Sociodemographic / socioeconomic factors (single-parent family, low parental education, family income, socioeconomic status) vs Absence of the factor / reference socioeconomic category

Caries increment in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Evidence on the association between sociodemographic/socioeconomic factors and permanent-teeth caries is weak and inconsistent (3 studies; could not be pooled; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Unfavourable oral hygiene and dietary habits (frequent sweet/sugar consumption; low toothbrushing frequency in early childhood) vs Favourable oral hygiene and dietary habits

Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Early-childhood oral hygiene and dietary habits show inconsistent associations with permanent-teeth caries, often losing significance after adjustment for past caries (2 studies; not pooled; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review