Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment
Number of any adverse events: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
542 questions · 578 findings · 107 reviews
No studies found 32 · 5.5%GRADE not reported 76 · 13.1%Very low 155 · 26.8%Low 150 · 26%Moderate 144 · 24.9%High 21 · 3.6%
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment
Participant‐reported satisfaction: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment
Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · overactive bladder
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted1 study · 14 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment
Number of urgency episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment
Number of micturition episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics
Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training may leads to higher participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment compared with anticholinergics (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.37 [1.1, 1.7]4 studies · 258 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics
Symptom‐ and condition‐related quality of life: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted2 studies · 117 participantsVery low
CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)
FoF (immediate postintervention)a · older adults (mean age minus 1 standard deviation is more than 60 years)
1 finding from 1 review
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted11 studies · 2357 participantsModerate
Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control
Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) · neonates
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted1 study · 56 participantsModerate
Prior SDF application without a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Glass-ionomer cement bonded to caries-affected dentin (in vitro)
SDF pretreatment without a rinsing step does not affect glass-ionomer cement bond strength to caries-affected dentin (MD 0.26 MPa, 95% CI -0.30 to 0.82; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
- Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomesImmediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Caries-affected dentin (without rinsing step)MD 0.26 [-0.30, 0.82]4 studies · 130 participantsGRADE not reported
Prior SDF application without a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives bonded to sound dentin (in vitro)
Prior SDF without a rinsing step significantly reduces adhesive bond strength to sound dentin (MD 17.52 MPa favoring untreated dentin, 95% CI 5.81 to 29.22; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
- Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomesImmediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Sound dentin (without rinsing step)MD 17.52 [5.81, 29.22]3 studies · 136 participantsGRADE not reported
Prior application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), with or without a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives/resin composite bonded to dentin (in vitro), sound or caries-affected
Prior SDF application significantly reduces the immediate bond strength of adhesives to dentin overall (MD 7.12 MPa favoring untreated dentin, 95% CI 1.38 to 12.85; ungraded), with very high heterogeneity (I2=98%).
1 finding from 1 review
- Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomesImmediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Overall (all dentin conditions and rinsing protocols)MD 7.12 [1.38, 12.85]11 studies · 526 participantsGRADE not reported
Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in postoperative pain in the immediate postobturation period (up to 72… compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Single versus multiple visits for endodontic treatment of permanent teeth 2022 · Cochrane All outcomesUp to 72 hours postobturationRR 0.97 [0.81, 1.16]12 studies · 1329 participantsLow
Prior SDF application with a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Glass-ionomer cement bonded to sound dentin (in vitro)
SDF pretreatment with a rinsing step does not affect glass-ionomer cement bond strength to sound dentin (MD -1.11 MPa, 95% CI -3.47 to 1.25; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
- Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomesImmediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Sound dentin (with rinsing step)MD -1.11 [-3.47, 1.25]4 studies · 57 participantsGRADE not reported
Prior SDF application with a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Glass-ionomer cement bonded to caries-affected dentin (in vitro)
SDF pretreatment with a rinsing step does not affect glass-ionomer cement bond strength to caries-affected dentin (MD -0.36 MPa, 95% CI -1.07 to 0.35; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
- Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomesImmediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Caries-affected dentin (with rinsing step)MD -0.36 [-1.07, 0.35]5 studies · 178 participantsGRADE not reported
Prior application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), with or without a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Glass-ionomer cement bonded to dentin (in vitro), sound or caries-affected
Prior SDF application does not influence the immediate bond strength of glass-ionomer cement to dentin (MD -0.11 MPa, 95% CI -0.54 to 0.31; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
- Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomesImmediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Overall (all dentin conditions and rinsing protocols)MD -0.11 [-0.54, 0.31]11 studies · 583 participantsGRADE not reported
Prior SDF application without a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Glass-ionomer cement bonded to sound dentin (in vitro)
SDF pretreatment without a rinsing step does not affect glass-ionomer cement bond strength to sound dentin (MD 0.26 MPa, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.73; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
- Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomesImmediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Sound dentin (without rinsing step)MD 0.26 [-0.20, 0.73]5 studies · 218 participantsGRADE not reported
Prior SDF application with a rinsing step vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives bonded to sound dentin (in vitro)
A rinsing step after SDF eliminates the negative effect on adhesive bond strength to sound dentin (MD 7.11 MPa, 95% CI -0.57 to 14.79, non-significant; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
- Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Cement and Adhesives to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin: An Updated Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomesImmediate bond strength · In vitro (laboratory bond-strength testing) · Sound dentin (with rinsing step)MD 7.11 [-0.57, 14.79]7 studies · 318 participantsGRADE not reported
Occupational therapy vs usual care
6b. Immediate verbal memory span (postintervention) · adults with cognitive impairment after stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted8 studies · 357 participantsVery low
Occupational therapy vs usual care
6c. Immediate spatial memory span (postintervention) · adults with cognitive impairment after stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted7 studies · 292 participantsLow