Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,410 questions · 8,901 findings · 1,091 reviews

No studies found 1,687 · 19%GRADE not reported 1,469 · 16.5%Very low 1,969 · 22.1%Low 2,060 · 23.1%Moderate 1,302 · 14.6%High 414 · 4.7%

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Fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances (exposure) vs None (single-group prevalence/incidence estimate)

Association between orthodontic treatment duration and ICLs incidence · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new ICLs

ICLs incidence increased with longer orthodontic treatment duration (meta-regression P<.01; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

High-frequency sugar consumption (three or more times daily) vs Low sugar intake (fewer than three times daily)

Dental caries in permanent teeth · Nigerian individuals with permanent dentition (approximately 12 years and older)

In permanent dentition, high-frequency sugar consumption was associated with non-significant 15% higher odds of caries (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.52), with no heterogeneity (I2=0%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Thermoelastic copper NiTi (CuNiTi) arch wire vs Conventional (stabilised) NiTi arch wire

Time to alignment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)

Thermoelastic copper NiTi (CuNiTi) arch wire showed no clear difference in time to alignment (alignment rate ratio) compared with conventional NiTi arch wire (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher waist circumference vs Lower waist circumference

Dental caries in children · Children (approx. 4-18 years)

Waist circumference was not significantly associated with childhood dental caries (pooled OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.30; I2=47.7%); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Titanium-niobium-tantalum-zirconium (TiNbTaZr) arch wire

Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
1 finding from 1 review

Coated superelastic NiTi wire (BioCosmetic, Titanol, TP Aesthetic or Tooth Tone) vs A different coated superelastic NiTi wire

Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
1 finding from 1 review

Multistrand stainless steel wire vs Wires of other materials (conventional stainless steel, superelastic NiTi, thermoelastic NiTi)

Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
    6 weeks to 6 months
    Multistrand StSt versus other materials (conventional StSt, superelastic NiTi, thermoelastic NiTi); alignment rate not pooled due to clinical heterogeneity (Cobb 1998; Evans 1998; Quintao 2005; West 1995); results…
    4 studies · 281 participants
    Very low

Fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances (exposure) vs None (single-group prevalence/incidence estimate)

Incidence of new ICLs (proportion of subjects developing new lesions) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new ICLs

About 48% of patients developed new ICLs during fixed orthodontic treatment (pooled incidence 0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.63; very low certainty; very high heterogeneity).

1 finding from 1 review

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines

Dental caries · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

High-frequency sugar consumption (three or more times daily) vs Low sugar intake (fewer than three times daily)

Dental caries prevalence · Nigerian individuals, including children and adults, with primary or permanent dentition

High-frequency sugar consumption was associated with 18% higher but non-significant odds of dental caries in Nigeria (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.59; I2=36%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review