Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,721 questions · 19,640 findings · 2,039 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,754 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 1,273 · 6.5%Very low 4,859 · 24.7%Low 5,568 · 28.4%Moderate 3,240 · 16.5%High 946 · 4.8%

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D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg)

Asymptomatic bacteriuria · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg)

Pain · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg)

Cure/complete remission · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg)

Adverse effects · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

It is very uncertain whether D‐mannose (2 g) changes adverse effects compared with nitrofurantoin (50 mg) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.28 [0.13, 0.57]
1 study · 206 participants
Very low

D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment

Symptomatic only UTI · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment

Asymptomatic bacteriuria · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment

Pain · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment

Cure/complete remission · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment

Adverse effects · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

It is very uncertain whether D‐mannose (2 g) changes adverse effects compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 16.84 [0.98, 287.92]
1 study · 205 participants
Very low

D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg)

Symptomatic, culture‐verified UTI Women with recurrent UTI · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

It is very uncertain whether D‐mannose (2 g) changes symptomatic and bacteriuria‐confirmed UTI (positive culture) compared with nitrofurantoin (50 mg) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.39, 1.31]
1 study · 206 participants
Very low

D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg)

Symptomatic only UTI · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Cigarette sales – · ‐level impact of heated tobacco on cigarette smoking prevalence

1 finding from 1 review

Heated tobacco products for smoking cessation and reducing smoking prevalence 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Very low

Synbiotic vs control

Necrotising enterocolitis · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 907 participants
Low

Synbiotic vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 925 participants
Low

Synbiotic vs control

Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 707 participants
Very low

Synbiotic vs control

Neurodevelopmental disability · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cervical pessary vs no treatment

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in delivery before 34 weeks' gestation compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.33, 1.55]
5 studies · 1830 participants
Low

Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone

Maternal infection or inflammation · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in maternal infection or inflammation compared with vaginal progesterone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.81, 1.12]
2 studies · 265 participants
Moderate

Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone

Neonatal/paediatric care unit admission · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in neonatal/paediatric care unit admission compared with vaginal progesterone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.49, 1.98]
1 study · 254 participants
Low

Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone

Fetal/infant mortality · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in fetal/infant mortality compared with vaginal progesterone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.97 [0.5, 7.7]
2 studies · 265 participants
Low