Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,097 questions · 3,266 findings · 631 reviews

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No studies found 430 · 13.2%GRADE not reported 193 · 5.9%Very low 995 · 30.5%Low 904 · 27.7%Moderate 591 · 18.1%High 153 · 4.7%

WC‐rBS vaccine (Dukoral): two doses ± booster dose vs placebo

Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population

1 finding from 1 review

Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 16423 participants
High

BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): two doses vs placebo

Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population

3 findings from 1 review

Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54519 participants
High
Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 168540 participants
Moderate
Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 241631 participants
High

BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo

Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population

2 findings from 1 review

Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 204700 participants
High
Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 204700 participants
High

BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo

Cases of severe dehydrating cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population

2 findings from 1 review

Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 204700 participants
High
Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 204700 participants
High

Fluoride toothpaste 440 ppm (lower concentration) vs 1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste

Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years

Fluoride toothpaste 440 ppm (lower concentration) probably leads to lower fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with fluoride toothpaste 1450 ppm (higher concentration) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
Fluorosis assessed when most permanent teeth of interest had erupted (6 to 18 years)
RR 0.72 [0.58, 0.89]
1 study · 1009 participants
Moderate

Fluoride toothpaste 550 ppm (lower concentration) vs Fluoride toothpaste 1000 ppm or more (higher concentration)

Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years

Fluoride toothpaste 550 ppm (lower concentration) probably leads to lower fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with fluoride toothpaste 1000 ppm (higher concentration) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
Fluorosis assessed when most permanent teeth of interest had erupted (6 to 18 years)
RR 0.75 [0.57, 0.99]
1 study · 959 participants
Moderate

Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets

Weight (kg) · Adults or children with overweight or obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 403 participants
Moderate

Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets

Body‐mass index (BMI) · Adults or children with overweight or obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 186 participants
Low

Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets

Adverse events (n/N) · Adults or children with overweight or obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 106 participants
Very low

Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets

Health‐related quality of life Scale · Adults or children with overweight or obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets

All‐cause mortality · Adults or children with overweight or obesity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Lower salt intake vs usual or high salt intake

Systolic blood pressure · patients with diabetes with or without CKD

3 findings from 1 review

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 288 participants
Low
Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 112 participants
Low
Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 108 participants
Low

Lower salt intake vs usual or high salt intake

MAP Duration: up to 12 weeks · patients with diabetes with or without CKD

2 findings from 1 review

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 59 participants
Low
Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 421 participants
Low

Net change in blood pressure in participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes with a reduced salt diet vs usual or high salt intake

Systolic blood pressure · patients with diabetes with or without CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 96 participants
Low

Net change in blood pressure in participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes with a reduced salt diet vs usual or high salt intake

Diastolic blood pressure · patients with diabetes with or without CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 96 participants
Low

Net change in blood pressure in participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes with a reduced salt diet vs usual or high salt intake

MAP Duration: up to 12 weeks · patients with diabetes with or without CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 62 participants
Low

Lower salt intake vs usual or high salt intake

Diastolic blood pressure · patients with diabetes with or without CKD

3 findings from 1 review

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 288 participants
Low
Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 112 participants
Low
Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 108 participants
Low

Lower salt intake vs usual or high salt intake

GFF: all studies Duration: up to 12 weeks · patients with diabetes with or without CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 392 participants
Low

Lower salt intake vs usual or high salt intake

Weight (kg) · patients with diabetes with or without CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 454 participants
Low

Lower vs higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Lower showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA compared with higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroid regimens for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.86, 1.24]
7 studies · 268 participants
Low